An Explanation of Unicode Character Encoding

An Explanation of Unicode Character Encoding For a computer to be able to store text and numbers that humans can understand, there needs to be a code that transforms characters into numbers. The Unicode standard defines such a code by using character encoding. The reason character encoding is so important is so that every device can display the same information. A custom character encoding scheme might work brilliantly on one computer, but problems will occur when if you send that same text to someone else. It wont know what youre talking about unless it understands the encoding scheme too. Character Encoding All character encoding does is assign a number to every character that can be used. You  could make a character encoding right now. For example, I could say that the letter A becomes the number 13, a14, 133, #123, and so on. This is where industry-wide standards come in. If the whole computer industry uses the same character encoding scheme, every computer can display the same characters. What Is Unicode? ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) became the first widespread encoding scheme. However, its limited to only 128 character definitions. This is fine for the most common English characters, numbers, and punctuation, but is a bit limiting for the rest of the world. Naturally, the rest of the world wants the same encoding scheme for their characters too. However, for a little, while depending on where you were, there might have been a different character displayed for the same ASCII code. In the end, the other parts of the world began creating their own encoding schemes, and things started to get a little bit confusing. Not only were the coding schemes of different lengths, programs needed to figure out which encoding scheme they were supposed to use. It became apparent that a new character encoding scheme was needed, which is when the Unicode standard was created. The objective of Unicode is to unify all the different encoding schemes so that the confusion between computers can be limited as much as possible. These days, the Unicode standard defines values for over 128,000 characters and can be seen at the Unicode Consortium. It has several character encoding forms: UTF-8: Only uses one byte (8 bits) to encode English characters. It can use a sequence of bytes to encode other characters. UTF-8 is widely used in email systems and on the internet.UTF-16: Uses two bytes (16 bits) to encode the most commonly used characters. If needed, the additional characters can be represented by a pair of 16-bit numbers.UTF-32: Uses four bytes (32 bits) to encode the characters. It became apparent that as the Unicode standard grew, a 16-bit number is too small to represent all the characters. UTF-32 is capable of representing every Unicode character as one number. Note: UTF means Unicode Transformation Unit. Code Points A code point is the value that a character is given in the Unicode standard. The values according to Unicode are written as hexadecimal numbers and have a prefix of U. For example, to encode the characters we looked at earlier: A is U0041a is U00611 is U0031# is U0023 These code points are split into 17 different sections called planes, identified by numbers 0 through 16. Each plane holds 65,536 code points. The first plane, 0, holds the most commonly used characters and is known as the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Code Units The encoding schemes are made up of code units, which are used to provide an index for where a character is positioned on a plane. Consider UTF-16 as an example. Each 16-bit number is a code unit. The code units can be transformed into code points. For instance, the flat note symbol â™ ­ has a code point of U1D160 and lives on the second plane of the Unicode standard (Supplementary Ideographic Plane). It would be encoded using the combination of the 16-bit code units UD834 and UDD60. For the BMP, the values of the code points and code units are identical. This allows a shortcut for UTF-16 that saves a lot of storage space. It only needs to use one 16-bit number to represent those characters. How Does Java Use Unicode? Java was created around the time when the Unicode standard had values defined for a much smaller set of characters. Back then, it was felt that 16-bits would be more than enough to encode all the characters that would ever be needed. With that in mind, Java was designed to use UTF-16. The char data type was originally used to represent a 16-bit Unicode code point. Since Java SE v5.0, the char represents a code unit. It makes little difference for representing characters that are in the Basic Multilingual Plane because the value of the code unit is the same as the code point. However, it does mean that for the characters on the other planes, two chars are needed. The important thing to remember is that a single char data type can no longer represent all the Unicode characters.

Introducing Examples

Introducing Examples Introducing Examples Introducing Examples By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked me about my use of the abbreviation Ex. Does [Ex.] mean for example? Ive only known one abbreviation and thats eg. If that is the case can you please explain where eg came from? Sometimes I use Ex. to mean â€Å"for example† or â€Å"an example.† Sometimes I spell out â€Å"for example.† And when I’m feeling academic, I use e.g. to introduce a list of examples. E.g. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase exempli gratia, â€Å"for the sake of example.† In US usage, a comma always follows the abbreviation, but in British usage, a comma after e.g. is optional. In this article, e.g. is written in italics because I’m writing about it. In normal use, the abbreviation is written in roman type: e.g. In the old days, before handy Latin shortcuts were perceived as â€Å"elitist and discriminatory, â€Å"writers threw in e.g. without restriction. Nowadays, style guides impose limitations. The Chicago Manual of Style advises that if e.g. is used in â€Å"running text,† it should be â€Å"confined to parentheses or notes.† Writing in 1926, Fowler (Modern English Usage) didn’t put any restrictions on the use of e.g., but in 1965, his editor, Ernest Gowers, added this advice: [The abbreviation e.g.] should be reserved for footnotes or very concise writing; in open prose it is better to write â€Å"for example.† The most unkindest cut of all regarding the use of e.g. and its ilk came to my attention in 2008 when I read an article in the London Telegraph about a movement in Britain to purge English of such long-established Latin shortcuts: Local authorities have ordered employees to stop using [Latin terms] on documents and when communicating with members of the public and to rely on wordier alternatives instead. The terms to be dropped in official documents included bona fide, ad lib, etc., ad hoc, i.e., per se, quid pro quo, vice versa, via, and status quo. Among the replacement recommendations were â€Å"existing condition† or â€Å"state of things† for status quo, and â€Å"for this special purpose† in place of ad hoc. Here’s the rationale offered by Bournemouth Council: Not everyone knows Latin. Many readers do not have English as their first language so using Latin can be particularly difficult. ESL learners shouldn’t have more difficulty than Latinless native speakers when it comes to learning the traditional Latin shortcuts. All they have to do is look them up in an English dictionary. However, we live in an age that bows before ignorance. Governing authorities and schools seem to feel that eliminating â€Å"hard words† is more desirable than taking the trouble to teach them. As for my use of the abbreviations e.g. and Ex., the only time I choose e.g. is in running text to introduce a short list of things or people to illustrate a concept: I especially love the nineteenth-century novelists, e.g., Herman Melville, Mrs. Gaskill, and George Eliot. And I don’t always put the e.g. bit in parentheses. Related post: The Difference Between e.g. and i.e.? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingWriting a Thank You Note

External Environment of Hospitality Industry Essay

External Environment of Hospitality Industry - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that considering the ever-changing environment for the coming generation, it is highly likely that these people may not provide that much business to the hospitality and tourism industry as compared to their parents. This is true because of increasing pressures on the next generation for hard work, the presence of more options to do at home with all the gadgets and challenging work life to maintain an acceptable level of lifestyle in the coming years. Therefore, the hospitality industry will have to cater to these customers by providing them with the most value in limited time considering their busy lives. Another possible socio-cultural factor would be the rise of ethical consumerism in the developed countries where consumers are looking for products and services whose practices are of fair-trade, green, ethical, sustainable and responsible. These consumers are often ready to pay premiums for the products and services of such companies and the same is true for the hospitality industry as well. This niche market has immense potential since it has grown from 13.9 billion pounds in the year 1998 to 40.2 billion pounds in 2010 in the UK alone. Without any doubts, the economic factors are the most defining and crucial external forces affecting the hospitality industry. Even as of today, the global economic system has not recovered from the recession that hit in the year 2007. In the United Kingdom, experts are hinting a fear of double-dip recession. The current economic outlook of United States is not healthy considering the fact that for the past couple of years, 2009 and 2010, the real GDP growth rate has been -2.7 and 2.9 respectively and the unemployment rate is at alarming high level of 9.1 percent. On top of these, the frustration and aggravation of the people of US are evident from the movements such as Occupy Wall Street and 99 percent.

Personal Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Values - Essay Example There is a great deal of focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty within the company. I found these values highly impressive and since they were reflected in the way things were done at Kudler, I feel they were more than just words. Kudler believes that it doesn't need to lower its prices to draw more customers. It wants to retain its existing customers and attract potential ones with the help of a different strategy. This is a good strategy and I believe that the firm understands that it is not always the price that matters. Kudler knows that the people who appreciate its products are quality conscious people and hence it is the product itself which is important to them and not the price. Thus Kudler has not made Price a differentiating factor to attract customers. Kudler has been working on various things to improve customer loyalty and to track their preferences. For one, Kudler plans to offer differentiating services to its customers who this would be a new and unique bakery experience for them. In order to do that, the firm plans to track customer's tastes and preferences in order to serve them better. The one area where I need more understanding is company's use of technology. While the company has always been willing to incorporate technology, I still find its use of technology very limited. This shows that the company either has not been paying too much attention to technology or it is deliberately keeping the use to a minimum. As a manager that first thing I would like to work on would be the use of technology. With Internet becoming such a formidable force, I would like to harness the power of this technology to make operations even more efficient and systematic at Kudler. Internet can be used for various purposes such as: 1. To reach a wider customer base 2. to track the tastes and preferences of customers 3. To announce new promotions and products 4. To conduct polls on products 5. To offer new customers with coupons 6. To track the number of customers interested in Kudler products 7. To get feedback My plan to accomplish this would include minimum budget since I understand that Internet systems do not need cost a lot provided you know the right people in the business. I understand that once a system is in place, we would need to train some of our staff especially for the purpose of working online to product customers with instant answers to their queries and to work on their feedback. We will need to start with having a website dedicated to customer service improvement. This site will have a poll, information on new products and new promotions, it would also include a feedback form plus other important things in an entertaining way so people would want to stay on the website. I find its customer service focus very appealing. I have worked for other companies and have found that often the reason for failure is lack of concern for customers. I am highly interested in improving customer service at Kudler and I find that this company is equally interested and equally committed to it.

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay Example for Free

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay My Career Plan: Work Culture Preference states that I am an ethical well-resourced expert. Based on over one-hundred questions given that narrow down what I would like in an ideal job setting, I had only the choices of not at all or more likely. Knowing my ideal work culture not only would allow me to benefit my organization to achieve goals but will also allow me to achieve personal goals as well. I’m excited to find the work culture preference results returned that being ethical was the first of the three qualities it defined me as. Emphasis on fairness and equal rights has always been important to me, I believe that my timed served in the Navy is a reinforcing factor in that you should not segregate by gender, ethnicity or cultures. There should be no one person that is looked at as inferior or not qualified to complete any task assigned. I would look for the people who would not be afraid to express themselves freely and contribute their thoughts and ideas to better the organization. Navigate to My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services through the link on the student website. Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preferences. Explore the resources in the Phoenix Career Services and My Career Plan. Answer the following questions, in at least 350 words, about your work culture preference and the resources in Phoenix Career Services: †¢Were you surprised by your results †¢What resources in the My Career Plan and Phoenix Career Services site did you find that could help you in your career preparations †¢How did the work culture preferences relate to your personal competencies from Week Two? Submit your answers to your facilitator. Individual University Library Research Resources: Appendix E; University Library Interactive Tutorial Locate the University Library by logging on to the student website, selecting Library, and clicking University Library. Find two articles in the University Library about one (or a combination) of the following topics: †¢Career planning †¢Distance learning †¢Ensuring academic honesty †¢Effective personal goal setting †¢Time management skills for college students Use a periodicals database, such as EBSCOhost, to find each article. Review Appendix E for information about using the databases. Practice using the Boolean and wildcard strategies you learned about in the University Library tutorial. Cite each article so it can be found again. You can use the Citation Generator on the Center for Writing Excellence site. Summarize each article briefly in 2 to 3 sentences. If there are specific opinions or facts, document them. Answer these questions about each article: †¢What keyword search led you to this particular article? †¢Why did you choose this article over the others the keyword search also found? Post the article information and summaries for both articles. www. bignerds. com

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers fc

Throughout the story, Heart of Darkness, there is a thin line between what is seen as reality and what is illusion. The main character soon realizes that he has different interpretations of events and physical things than that of the Europeans. Charlie Marlow first realizes how many things, events and even people, in Africa, seemed misnamed by the Europeans, distorting them from what they truly are. Consequently he is wary of labeling something in case he might misname it and as a result devalue it. In the end, Kurtz, who has already reached enlightenment, will be the one to teach Marlow, though not directly, the significance of a name. Charlie Marlow is the only one to be referred to by his name because through his journey to the inner station and consequent enlightenment, he alone, with Kurtz, have realized the importance of a name and therefore deserve to have one attached to them, as they are really the only people of actual importance and meaning. As soon as Marlow reaches the c oast of Africa, he realizes a difference in the perception of certain events by him and his comrades on the boat. As Marlow’s boat pulls up to the Outer Station, he sees a man-of-war shelling the continent, which is quickly clarified, by a pilgrim, to be a front against "a camp of natives - he called them enemies! - hidden out of sight somewhere" (Conrad 78) Marlow felt a "touch of insanity" in the whole concept of shelling the natives, who had done nothing to be considered enemies or criminals and had very likely fled the area a long time ago. Yet the Europeans feel that the natives are truly a threat and must be controlled. Further along, Marlow meets a pilgrim who is called the brick-maker, yet promptly notices that there is "not a scrap of brick anywhere in the station". This is another example of how something, in this case the brick-maker, is misnamed, as he is not actually a brick-maker since he does not make any bricks at all, and therefo re really has no purpose there. A final example of how things are misnamed and distorted is pertaining to Kurtz. Firstly, "kurtz" means short, yet to Marlow, the man appears to be "seven feet long" (Conrad 135). Likewise, when the uncle and the nephew talk about Kurtz, who Marlow has heard to be a great and remarkable man, they only refer to him as "that man" and "scoundrel".

A memorable experience in my life Essay

I have rarely thought about the so-called memorable experiences in life. Since there are a lot of things that need to be done now and also in the future, to me, it is quite hard to write about this topic and it took me a lot of time recalling what have happened in my life, what the memorable experiences were and what the most memorable one was. Finally, I realized that a memorable experience is not only a significant event like getting a university degree, travelling abroad or having a good job. It can also be small events in life such as the first day going to school, the first time riding bicycle or something like that. To me, the most memorable experience that I have was the time I spent with my father during my childhood. I have two elder brothers, one elder sister and one younger sister. My younger sister is only 2 years old younger than me and apparently, we spent most of the time playing together throughout our childhood. My father usually took us to the park by the river ever y weekend. There we played tig, hide-and-seek, merry-go-round; shared one piece of baked banana, and so on. They were just small things, but these small things made us remember all these moments forever. We felt happy every single moment we shared with our father. Read more: Essays About Life Experiences My father passed away on the Buddhist holiday (the 15th of the 7th month of the lunar calendar) last year due to poor health situation at the old age. We told each other not to cry so that he could leave this world peacefully. Finally, I could not stand it and left my brother’s house where my father was lying for a small park near my house. The merry-go-round there reminded me of all the good things he had devoted to us. I could not stop crying then. When my little daughter asks me to bring her to the park or do her some favor, I sometimes scold her because I am tired after being swamped up with the daily jobs and activities. Thinking of my father, I often say sorry to her after that and think if I can do just half of the things my father did for me, I am already a good mother. The most important thing I can learn from my father is to love my family, and to show the love to the beloved ones by simple actions in daily life. So, my friends, if you love someone, just say you love them and try your best to bring good things to your beloved ones whenever you can. Their happiness is your happiness!

Concept Analysis: Quality of LIfe Essay

What does quality of life mean? How would a person define the concept of quality of life? Philosophers have studied questions similar to these in the aspect of what constitutes a â€Å"good† life for hundreds of years. There really is no certain date to the origin of quality of life as a specific term. In the years 1953 to 1954, two economists have been linked as the ones who used the concept in expressing their concern over ecological dangers of unlimited economic growth (Snoek, 2000). Other economists in the 1950s researched the ideas of what counts in life is not the quantity of goods but the quality of one’s life. Social scientists began to use the term quality of life in the 1970s. Also in the 1970s, there has been growing interest in quality of life issues in relation to nursing, medicine, and health care (Sarvimaki & Stenbock-Hult, 2000). Philosophers used the concept quality of life in the 1980s to formulate moral judgment, particularly with infanticide and euthanasia in relation to severely handicapped infants and life sustaining treatment (Pennacchini, Bertolaso, Elvira & DeMarinis, 2011). Researcher’s interest in theoretical issues and quality of life has fallen, but quality of life continues to be used in health care and clinical practice (Pennacchini et al, 2011). There are thousands of people living today with disease and health disparity. For some individuals, the goal of health may not be freedom of disease or health disparity, but a high quality of life. Through concept analysis using the Walker and Avant Model, the concept of quality of life will be examined with an emphasis on health. Many aspects will be explored to the concept, including uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and empirical referents. Concept The concept of quality of life and what it means is highly ambiguous. Barofsky (2012) explains that any broad concept, such as quality of life, will continually change as it is further studied and more is learned on the concept. In a broad aspect, quality of life can be defined as the dimensions of human experience, ranging from those associated with the necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and achieving a sense of fulfillment and personal happiness (Snoek, 2000). Related to health, quality of life can be defined as a concept encompassing physical and psychological characteristics and limitations, describing an individual’s ability to function and get satisfaction from the ability to function (Snoek, 2000). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) defines quality of life as a broad multidimensional concept that includes subjective evaluations of positive and negative aspects to life. Healthy People 2020 (2013) defines health related quality of life as a multidimensional concept including a person’s well being of physical, mental, emotional and social functioning and explains this concept goes beyond life expectancy, causes of death, and direct measures of population health. Purpose Analyzing the concept of health related quality of life helps one understand the concept with deeper meaning and clarity. A question to be asked is, â€Å"how do health practitioners improve the quality of life in patients?† The purpose of quality of life analysis is to improve awareness on the concept and to promote the use in medical and nursing practice. With the growing needs to enhance health related quality of life, national goals have been initiated. Healthy People 2020 (2013) identified quality of life improvement as an important public health goal, paving way to further analysis of the concept. Uses of the Concept The concept of quality of life can be used in many different aspects and disciplines. In general, quality of life can be used with philosophy, politics, business, social sciences, health promotion, nursing, and medicine. Quality of life can be used for life evaluation in each of these disciplines listed above. In health care, for example, research may examine quality of life in relation to cancer treatment versus palliative care. Another specific example would be a study on complementary and alternative medicine use and quality of life in diabetics. In medicine, the concept of  quality of life can be used in many different aspects from disorders, diseases, treatment implications, and improvement of quality of life. In sociology, quality of life can be used for social indicators to trace changes over time and monitor the social system, for example. In politics, quality of life can be measured on individual rights and the freedom of choice. The examples provided are a select few to the wide range of uses for quality of life. Defining Attributes Defining attributes are traits or distinctive features of a concept, giving greater insight to that concept. One of the most important defining attributes to quality of life is happiness. Philosophers have studied happiness for long periods of time, considering happiness to be the highest good and utmost motivation for humans (Kerce, 1992). From other literature review, there are attributes most frequently associated with quality of life, which include: physical health, mental health, level of independence, social and emotional facets, and spirituality. Another attribute that has emerged is ones ability to reflect on their life at a given moment and consider themself to be happily satisfied. There are many individual perspectives to what constitutes quality of life according to each of these defining attributes. For example, quality of life in the aspect of physical health may be pain or ability to sleep. Quality of life in psychological state may be physical appearance, feelings, and self-esteem. For individuals who live in the United States and other developed countries, attributes to quality of life may be different compared to non-developed countries. For example, a person in Africa may define quality of life by freedom from torture, slavery, and religion. Other thoughts in non-developed areas could be the access to education, access to health care, freedom of disease and health burden, and a right to be treated equally. There are many luxuries in the United States and other countries that are not an option in non-developed areas that one must consider with defining attributes at a cultural level. Model Case A model case is used to demonstrate all of the defining characteristics of a concept. For a model case with quality of life, a person would have to be in a state of physical health, mental health, happy, independent, have adequate  social aspects, be able to evaluate their life, and a healthy spiritual life. With this, one must keep in mind the individuality of what these terms mean to someone. A model case could be the following scenario: P.C. is a 62 year-old male who recently retired from his job as an electrical engineer with Paskato Brothers Incorporated. This man is happily married to his wife of 40 years and together they have four children and ten grandchildren. P.C. and his wife are planning their years of retirement to be fulfilled with tourism, purchasing a lake home, and spending time with their children and grandchildren. Socially, P.C. spends Wednesday afternoons with his good friends at Zest Creek golf course. P.C. attends Heart and Spirit Lutheran Church and considers himself to be strong in his beliefs. P.C. exercises three times a week at Wellness World and attends a bone-building class on Tuesday mornings to keep his bones and joints healthy. According to P.C.’s yearly physical with his primary care provider, he is in excellent physical and mental health. P.C. reflects on his life and feels extremely blessed to be in his position and states he â€Å"would not change a thing.† P.C. considers himself to be happy, healthy, and full of life. In this model case, P.C. has met all of the attributes that contribute to quality of life. P.C. is able to look at his life with satisfaction and happiness. From the model, one can determine that P.C. is in good physical health, mental health, social and emotional health, and satisfied with his spiritual life. Also, P.C. is independent in his life, being able to care for himself and has no physical limitations. Borderline Case In life, there are several different components to quality. Many people would argue that the quality of ones life is what matters, not the longevity. From analyzing quality of life, one can understand this concept with better meaning and clarity. Quality of life as a concept has been examined through uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. Through examination, one can determine there are subjective and objective components to quality of life, with an emphasis to individuality. Awareness to the concept has been brought to light, with indication for the importance of quality of life in health care to better patient’s lives. Hopefully, research will continue on ways to improve quality of life in all aspects, with a special focus to health care. References Armstrong, D., & Caldwell, D. (2004). Origins of the concept of quality of life in health care: A rhetorical solution to a political problem. Social Theory & Health, 2, 361- 371. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/458047/Origins_of_the_concept_of_Quality_of_Life_i n_health_care Barofsky, I. (2012). Can quality or quality-of-life be defined? Quality Of Life Research, 21(4), 625-631. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9961-0 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Population Health (2011). Health-related quality of life. . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm Healthy People 2020, Division of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Irelands Repeal Movement

Ireland's Repeal Movement The Repeal Movement was a political campaign spearheaded by Irish statesman Daniel OConnell in the early 1840s. The goal was to break political ties with Britain by repealing the Act of Union, legislation passed in 1800. The campaign to repeal the Act of Union was considerably different than OConnells earlier great political movement, the Catholic Emancipation movement of the 1820s. In the intervening decades, the literacy rate of the Irish people had increased, and an influx of new newspapers and magazines helped to communicate OConnells message and mobilize the populace. OConnells repeal campaign ultimately failed, and Ireland would not break free from British rule until the 20th century. But the movement was remarkable as it enlisted millions of Irish people in a political cause, and some aspects of it, such as the famed Monster Meetings, demonstrated that the majority of Irelands population could gather behind the cause. Background of the Repeal Movement The Irish people had been opposed to the Act of Union since its passage in 1800, but it wasnt until the late 1830s that the beginnings of an organized effort to repeal it took shape. The goal, of course, was to strive for self-government for Ireland and a break with Britain. Daniel OConnell organized the Loyal National Repeal Association in 1840. The association was well-organized with various departments, and members paid dues and were issued membership cards. When a Tory (conservative) government came into power in 1841, it appeared obvious that the Repeal Association would not be able to achieve its goals through traditional parliamentary votes. OConnell and his followers began to think of other methods, and the idea of holding enormous meetings and involving as many people as possible seemed like the best approach. The Mass Movement During a period of about six months in 1843, the Repeal Association held a series of enormous gatherings in the east, west, and south of Ireland (support for repeal was not popular in the northern province of Ulster). There had been large meetings in Ireland before, such as anti-temperance rallies led by the Irish priest Father Theobald Matthew. But Ireland, and probably the world, had never seen anything like OConnells Monster Meetings.   It is unclear exactly how many people attended the various rallies, as partisans on both sides of the political divide claimed different totals. But its clear that tens of thousands attended some of the meetings. It was even claimed that some crowds numbered a million people, though that number has always been viewed skeptically. More than 30 large Repeal Association meetings were held, often at sites associated with Irish history and mythology. One idea was so instilled in the common people a connection to Irelands romantic past. It can be argued that the goal of connecting people to the past was accomplished, and the large meetings were worthwhile achievements for that alone. The Meetings In the Press As the meetings began to be held across Ireland in the summer of 1843 news reports circulated describing the remarkable events. The star speaker of the day, of course, would be OConnell. And his arrival in a locality would generally consist of a large procession. The enormous gathering at racecourse in Ennis, in County Clare, in the west of Ireland, on June 15, 1843, was described in a news report which was carried across the ocean by the steamship Caledonia. The Baltimore Sun published the account on its front page of July 20, 1843. The crowd at Ennis was described: Mr. OConnell had a demonstration at Ennis, for the county of Clare, on Thursday, the 15th ult., and the meeting is described as more numerous than any that preceded it- the numbers are stated at 700,000! including about 6,000 horsemen; the cavalcade of cars extended from Ennis to Newmarket- six miles. The preparations for his reception were most elaborate; at the entrance to the town whole trees were plants, with triumphal arches across the road, mottoes, and devices. The Baltimore Sun article also referred to a large meeting held on a Sunday which featured an outdoor mass held before OConnell and others spoke of political matters: A meeting was held at Athlone on Sunday- from 50,000 to 400,000, many of them women- and one writer says that 100 priests were on the ground. The gathering took place at Summerhill. Before it, mass was said in the open air, for the benefit of those who had left their distant homes too soon to attend morning service. News reports appearing in American newspapers noted that 25,000 British troops had been stationed in Ireland in expectation of an uprising. And to American readers, at least, Ireland appeared on the verge of a rebellion. The End of Repeal Despite the popularity of the large meetings, which mean the majority of Irish people may have been directly touched by OConnells message, the Repeal Association eventually faded away. In large part, the goal was simply unattainable as the British population, and British politicians, were not sympathetic to Irish freedom. And, Daniel OConnell, in the 1840s, was elderly. As his health faded the movement faltered, and his death seemed to mark the end of the push for repeal. OConnells son tried to keep the movement going, but he did not have the political skills or magnetic personality of his father. The legacy of the Repeal Movement is mixed. Though the movement itself failed, it kept alive the quest for Irish self-government. It was the last great political movement to affect Ireland before the horrific years of the Great Famine. And it inspired younger revolutionaries, who would go on to be involved with Young Ireland and the Fenian Movement.

The Function of the Diencephalon Section of the Brain

The Function of the Diencephalon Section of the Brain The diencephalon and the telencephalon (cerebrum) comprise the two major divisions of your prosencephalon or forebrain. If you were to look at a brain, with the skull removed, you would not be able to see the diencephalon, it is mostly hidden from view. It is a small part of the brain nested  under and between the two  cerebral hemispheres, just above the start of the  midbrains brain stem. Despite being small in size, the diencephalon plays a number of critical roles in healthy brain and bodily function within the central nervous system. Function The diencephalon relays sensory information between  brain  regions and controls many autonomic functions of the  peripheral nervous system. It connects structures of the  endocrine system  with the nervous system and works with the  limbic system  structures to generate and manage emotions and memories.   Several structures of the diencephalon work together and with other body parts  to affect the following bodily functions: Directing sense impulses throughout the bodyAutonomic function controlEndocrine function controlMotor function controlHomeostasisHearing, vision, smell, and tasteTouch perception Structures of the Diencephalon The main structures of the diencephalon include the hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus (along with the  pineal gland), and subthalamus. Also located within the diencephalon is the third ventricle, one of the four brain ventricles or cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Each part has its own role to play. Thalamus The thalamus assists in sensory perception, regulation of motor functions, and control of sleep and wake cycles. The brain has two thalamus sections. The thalamus acts as a relay station for almost all sensory information (with the exception of smell). Before the sensory information reaches your brains cortex, it stops at the thalamus first. The sensory information travels to the area (or nuclei) that specialize in dealing with that sensory information and then that information passes to the cortex for further processing. The thalamus processes information it receives from the cortex as well. It passes that information on to other parts of the brain and plays a big role in sleep and consciousness.   Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is small, about the size of an almond, and serves as the control center for many autonomic functions through the release of  hormones. This part of the brain is also responsible for maintaining homeostasis, which is your bodys attempt to maintain normal balance, for example, body temperature and blood pressure. The hypothalamus receives a steady stream of information about these types of factors. When the hypothalamus recognizes an unanticipated imbalance, it enacts a mechanism to rectify that disparity. As the main area that regulates hormone secretion and the control of hormone release from the  pituitary gland, the hypothalamus has widespread effects on the body and behavior.   Epithalamus Located in the rear or bottom area of the diencephalon that includes the pineal gland,  the epithalamus aids in sense of smell and helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to play an important role in the regulation of circadian rhythms responsible for sleep and wake cycles. Subthalamus A portion of the subthalamus is made of tissues from the midbrain. This area is densely interconnected with the basal ganglia structures that are part of the cerebrum, which assists in motor control. Other Divisions of the Brain There are three divisions  of the brain. The diencephalon along with the cerebral cortex and brain lobes make up the forebrain. The other two parts are the midbrain and hindbrain. The midbrain  is where the brain stem starts and connects the forebrain to the hindbrain. The brain stem travels all the way through the hindbrain. The hindbrain regulates autonomic functions and coordinates most bodily movement.

Country-risk analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Country-risk analysis - Research Paper Example to define South Africa based in terms of common occurrence and norms of society but also in terms of encapsulating the business environment and detailing how an individual or their family might necessarily be impacted by a move from candidate to South Africa. Rather than avoiding the issue until later in the analysis, it is first necessary to grapple with the proverbial gorilla in the room. Essentially, up until only two decades ago, South Africa was an apartheid state. Whereas the United States and other nations around the globe ceased segregating individuals based upon race many years ago, South Africa held on to a very conservative and racial viewpoint of society; one in which Africans and individuals of European ancestry did not integrate with one another and oftentimes did not engage within society. Naturally, these rules were established by a government which was predominantly European in ethnic origin (Vincent & Howell, 2014). Not surprisingly, the ethnic strife that this caused and the difficulty on race relations was profound. Within the current era, South Africa continues to exhibit some of the most profound and oftentimes violent racial relations of nearly any nation on earth. Accordingly, many individuals that come from Europ e or North America are flummoxed to see the degree of racial tension that exists within South Africa and the overall degree to which the painful past is reflected in current society, politics, culture, and even entertainment. As a direct result of this dynamic, it is necessary for individuals to appreciate the fact that the racial overtones and overtones within South Africa will be much stronger as compared to Canada. With this in mind, a renewed level of sensitivity to racial concerns and the degree and extent to which interaction and engagement with individuals of different races takes place within society and is normalized will be required (Govinder et al., 2013). Another relevant concern with respect to life and conducting