Drug Addiction - 2361 Words

What is drug addiction? -Drug addiction is a complex brain disease. It is characterized by compulsive, at times uncontrollable, drug craving, seeking, and use that persist even in the face of extremely negative consequences. -Drug seeking becomes compulsive, in large part as a result of the effects of prolonged drug use on brain functioning and, thus, on behavior. For many people, drug addiction becomes chronic, with relapses possible even after long periods of abstinence. Drug addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences to the individual that is addicted and to those around them. Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to†¦show more content†¦One of the most common symptoms of alcohol withdrawal is irritability and anxiousness. The desire to use can quickly cause users to become violent to even close family members in order to get help or money for their next high. Abandonment * One of the most heart-breaking effects of drug abuse on families especially is abandonment. Once drugs have altered the nerve pathways in the brain, the desire to use quickly becomes more important to anything else in the drug addict s life. Friends and family members quickly get replaced by the next score of the drug of choice. This can often lead to divorce or the loss of children to state custody due to a lack of ability to be a loving and providing parent. There is also an increased risk of parents or spouses being locked up in prison for extended periods of time, leaving their children to grow up without a mother or father. The effects of this abandonment may stick with kids all the way through adulthood. Diseases Involved In Using Drugs Date: Tue 29 Jan 2013 Source: University of Oxford/Medical Research Council, press release [edited] The genetic variant rs12252-C was present in 69 per cent of Chinese patients with H1N1 swine flu [influenza A/(H1N1)pdm09]. A genetic variant which explains why Chinese populations may be more vulnerable to H1N1 swine flu has been found by researchers at the University of Oxford and Beijing Capital Medical University. This finding could help identify thoseShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Drugs And Heroin Addiction1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe arguments for whether or not to prescribe heroin to treat heroin addictions are controversial. Henden and Baeroe (2015) state both sides of the arguments being that some believe â€Å"it is in the nature of heroin addiction for individuals to lose their ability to resist their desire for heroin,† which knowing the nature of chemical dependency, heroin addicts would not refuse any heroin, so it still possibly an invalid consent to research participation as they did not have a free choice to reallyRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesWhen people first hear the word drug, they think of illicit drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine. They also think about the user and sometimes why they use. One thing that is overlooked by the public is the treatment programs that are available to drug users. There is a stigma in our society around drug use that is very negative. Many believe that people that do drugs do them just to do them and even if this is true in some cases, no one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the dayRead MoreDrug Addictions802 Words   |  4 Pagesof the states, is facing drug problems. This state is considered one of the deadliest drug epidemics in American history. There are two types of drugs mentioned in the article. One of them is opioid. An opioid is a substitute for morphine and widely used. According to the statistics, 500 people had died from an overdose in 2005. In 2013, the numbers soared from 500 deaths to 2,700. Another drug(s) is known as sy nthetic opioids. Fentanyl and Carfentanil are the two drugs mention by Phil Plummer,Read MoreDrug Addiction3845 Words   |  16 PagesDrug Addiction (Focus of the Study: â€Å"Shabungan† at Brgy. Victoria Reyes, Dasmarià ±as, Cavite) Group No. Cuenca, Ma. Kristina B. Enon, Jane Loraine S. Tuban, Julie An Pelisco, Marvelous Salcedo, Yvette Laganzo, Ma. Riellyn Mae Austria, Gerald Mateo, Alyssa INTRODUCTION: Drug Addiction is a chronic disease affecting the brain, and just about everyone is different. It was also a condition that characterized by compulsive drug intake, craving and seeking despite what majority of societyRead MoreAddiction : Drugs And Addiction947 Words   |  4 Pages Addiction is a problem that’s very prevalent in our society. Considering that drugs and alcohol are being introduced to kids in middle school, this isn’t that surprising. We as a society constantly bombarded with talks about the â€Å"war on drugs† and addiction. There are constant conversations about what should and shouldn’t be legal and what addiction really means. Is addiction in the head, or is it something a person chooses? Should we help or punish people with addictions. Everyone has opinion,Read MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesobvious assumption that drugs have an effect on the mind, but what exactly goes on and how do these substanc es affect your brain and change your state of consciousness? This is the question that interested me and brought me to want to write about this certain topic. Drugs alter the way people think, feel, and behave by disrupting neurotransmission, the process of communication between brain cells. Over the past few decades, studies have established that drug dependence and addiction are features of anRead MoreDrug Addiction and Drugs1219 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs Addiction Miami Beach Senior High Ashley Gonzalez Ms. Cooper/Mr.Sussman English II-Period Three 06 March 2013 Drugs Addiction Topic and Thesis Statement Miami Beach Senior High Topic: Drugs Thesis Statement: In an examination of drugs I will discuss causes of this disease/or social dilemma. I will also discuss the effect of drugs on individuals, families and society. Read MoreDrug Dependence And Addiction : Drugs1231 Words   |  5 Pagesobvious assumption that drugs have an effect on the mind, but what exactly goes on and how do these substances affect your brain and change your state of consciousness? This is the question that interested me and brought me to want to write about this certain topic. Drugs alter the way people think, feel, and behave by disrupting neurotransmission, the process of communication between brain cells. Over the past few decades, studies have established that drug dependence and addiction are features of anRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesmy older brother struggle with drug addiction has taught me more in my life than anything else. He was a smart kid with a good head on his shoulders.   As he grew older he made some unwise choices with regard to substance abuse that quickly turned into a full blown addiction lasting over five years and landed him in and out of four different rehabs.   He was striving to get clean, but every time he took one step forward he fell three steps back.   Taylor entered Drug Court, after finding himself inRead MoreDrug Addiction : Drugs And Drugs1017 Words   |  5 Pages In today’s society, it is now normal to know somebody who has a drug addiction especially to opiates. A dr ug addiction is a mental disorder that the person can no longer control their actions. The person addicted to the drug will no longer care about the outcome of their actions as long as they can get that high they are seeking. **from textbook pg. 303** â€Å"Opioids are classified as narcotics- strongly addictive drugs that have pain relieving and sleep-inducing properties. Opioids include both naturally

Should You Be Judge For Being Born As A Multiracial And...

Should you be judge for being born as a multiracial and biracial individual? which background do you represent the most, if you’re White, Asian, Latino/Latina, African american. Which side would you choose? if you are a mix child, why can’t you be proud of both or even the other ethnicity background that you have? Those were the questions that I’ve had while reading through the article of Susan Saulny on the topic of being a mix child. I am Dominican and Puerto Rican with some Spaniard in as well, so I’m somewhat a mix child, but I am a proud Latino and that is the side that I chose even though I have different Latino in me, I am still considered a Latino man. I’m 22 years old and in the next 5 or 6 years, I do see myself having several children and I have a sure sense that they will be a mix of non-Latino/Latina. My current girlfriend is Chinese and the more that I get to know her well, I can see her in being the mother of my children and I will be the 2nd person in my family to infuse a different ethnicity into our family tree. My older brother married to woman who is half Dominican and Libyan and he loves her so much that they are now having a 2nd baby. I have nothing against the Latina women, but since I am free to choose who I want to love and have a family, I want to have different options. My mother at first wanted me to be with just a Dominican or someone who has light skin features. Now she has changed her mind and accepted that I am the one who choose the woman to

Graduates To Apply For Various Disciplinesâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Graduates To Apply For Various Disciplines? Answer: Introduction This paper aims to explore ethics and the financial services by reviewing the ATO graduate program since ATO needs graduates to apply for various disciplines. In this case, ethics will help to make decisions which are based on the commitments and the significant values. They help to overcome the dilemmas which arise due to various factors (Wheeler and Beatley, 2014 pp.10). There are various qualities that employers are seeking when hiring graduates. For instance, the traits they look for in a graduate are flexibility, teamwork, adaptability, honesty, and dependability. Moreover, they look for skills such as the analytical and the problem-solving as well as proper communication skills such as writing, speaking and listening. ATO Graduate Program I am interested with the ATO flexible work arrangement program. In the program ATO allows the employees to work on a scheduled freedom hence they know how to meet their requirements (McNiff, 2016 pp.5). For this reason, I will be flexible, and I will hit a balance between a healthy life and work hence increases the efficiency and the productivity of the organization. Therefore, I would consider applying for the flexible work arrangement program. Discipline-specific and the Transferable Skills The flexible work program is beneficial to many institutions and the employees as well. Therefore, there are specific skills and those which can be transferred to the program which I will need to embrace. To begin with, the discipline-specific skills they refer to the skills which are not covered in the program. For instance, the graduates within the flexible work arrangement program embrace the skills on problem-solving. They should have the capability to employ logics when dealing with various problems. The computer skills are important since they provide individuals with the opportunity to use different computer packages to analyze and interpret data (Cottrell, 2015 pp.18). Other graduates may have various discipline-specific skills such as the field work skills, formulation of problems and the laboratory orientation skills for them to use different apparatus effectively. In simple words, the graduates will acquire more specific skills which relate to their study. The transferrabl e skills which I need for the stream are delegation, analytics, good time management, motivation, leadership, communication, listening, and prioritization. The outlined transferable skills will help to develop capabilities which are general, technical, or role-related within the stream (Chermack, Kelly, Moen and Ammons, 2015 pp.335). Both the discipline-oriented and the transferable skills are important, and they will assist me to pursue my interests. Strengths and Areas of Improvement About the expectations of the discipline-specific and the transferable skills, my strength lies with some of the skills. To begin with, I am a problem-solver hence I can employ techniques and theories from the social systems and processes to solve the issues which apply to human relations. On the other hand, I am motivated, and I embrace proper communication skills which I can employ within the stream of work. By evaluating the theory of practice, the discipline-specific and the transferable skills helps individuals analyze problems within a decision-making model. I have various areas of improvement since I am seeking for methods of improving my performance as a graduate. I am flexible to engage in development and training chances. Every individual has room for improvement since none is perfect. Also, I will need to catch up with the computer skills. I wish to associate with leaders who are more effective and also be able to maintain a balance between life and work life. For that rea son, I am learning to be a better person and be a good example to those who lack motivation. My learning in MAA250 will help me meet ATOS expectations since I will be able to manage time effectively. This is because I will be able to attend the graduate school and also proceed with work life. I will need to set some time in the schedule to fulfill my duties. On the other hand, the technological skills will improve since I will need broad knowledge to accommodate the skills within the stream. For instance, using emails and the internet are basic skills in technology which every individual should adopt (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014 pp.28). Finally, the interpersonal skills will broaden as I interact with various people within the stream. I will participate in major discussions by using various equipment for communication which are significant elements in the graduate school. Clear communication skills are amongst ATOs expectations. Action Plan I need various developments to further my strengths and the gaps highlighted by ATO as outlined in the 12 months action plan created in this paper. Month Strategic Plan First month Expand knowledge and skills. This will increase my understanding of the working environment hence I will be more productive than the current situation. Second month Keep my skills updated. This step will help me keep in touch with changing environment and also facilitative flexibility in the job to balance work and life. Third month Arrive at my potential. This step will help me work harder to improve my current situation. I will explore all available resources to be successful. Fourth month Provide support to my career objectives and goals (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 2015 pp.12). This step will help me utilize the available time to keep up with the pace of work and life. Fifth month Leverage the strengths. This step reminds me that I was hired due to my abilities and skills hence I have the chance to apply my strengths in the job. Sixth month Close the gaps. This step will help in recognizing the success goals which exist on the strategic planning for the following month. Seventh month Grow holistically. I will penetrate well through the job by obtaining training and self-learning. At the same time I will recognize my weaknesses that I will overcome to achieve success. Eighth month Enhance the transferable skills. To add on the professional skills as well as the technical knowledge Ninth Month Develop the capability to wear many hats. It implies that I should be able to do several jobs and get engaged in other areas. Tenth month Be attentive to details. Paying attention to details makes an individual be unique (Chun, Shin, Choi and Kim, 2013 pp.860). At the same time, they develop confidence and they challenge their colleagues. Eleventh month Develop tactfulness. Tactfulness will help me handle the clients. Moreover, it will help in dealing with various problems which prevail in the working environment. Twelfth month Exercise integrity and ethics. Integrity and ethics will help to observe work values in all ways. Finally, it ensures that honesty is employed within the working environment. Conclusion In conclusion, reviews about the ATO graduate program as well as their graduates testimonials to evaluate various issues. For instance, the ATO program is used to explain the significant attributes the employers look when they are hiring the graduates (Kolb, 2014 pp.10). The flexible work program offered by ATO has significant interests which attracts me. Therefore, I would consider enrolling in the flexible work program since it would allow me to venture into other businesses. There are various discipline-specific and transferrable skills as outlined in this paper. Based on MAA250 learning, it would help me meet the ATO expectations through various ways. Therefore, an action plan is outlined for the next twelve months outlining my choice of activities that will enhance further development. Therefore, by reviewing ethics and financial services, there are various theories such as the deontological and the teleological which contributes to the development of an individual. References Wheeler, S.M. and Beatley, T. eds., 2014.Sustainable urban development reader. Routledge. McNiff, J., 2016.You and your action research project. Routledge. Cottrell, S., 2015.Skills for success: Personal development and employability. Palgrave Macmillan. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014.Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), pp.853-877. Kolb, D.A., 2014.Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. FT press. Chermack, K., Kelly, E.L., Moen, P. and Ammons, S.K., 2015. Implementing institutional change: Flexible work and team processes in a white collar organization. InWork and family in the new economy(pp. 331-359). Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Weight Loss Alternatives

Introduction Since the onset  of this century, one of the most  prevalent  problems that has afflicted the  society, especially  in the developed countries, is that of obesity. Hendrick asserts that up to 63.1% of adults in America are suffering from this health anomaly (Hendrick, 2010). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Loss Alternatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This figure implies that two out of every three American adults are obese. This finding suggests  that thousands of Americans are at risk of contracting medical conditions such as diabetes, high-blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and heart attacks. This is  primarily  the reason why the  focus  of  numerous  television advertisements, according to Grannis (2008), has shifted towards  alternative  weight loss solutions for Americans. Some of these solutions have occasionally come under heavy criticism, prob ably due to competitive reasons, yet, they seem to be viable options for losing that extra weight. This  article  gives some of these alternative solutions, their pros and cons, and a  conclusive  argument about each method. Controlled Breathing As a common  exercise  during regular Yoga classes, controlled breathing seems to be the least of the alternatives that can  assist  a person to lose weight.  Nevertheless,  latest studies  reveal  that breathing in a controlled fashion burns excess body fats. How does this occur? A big  portion  of body fat constitutes fragments of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen.  According to WeightLossfor All (2010), addition of oxygen to the body through inhalation will  inevitably  break down the fatty  compound  into water molecules and carbon dioxide and secreted through urination and exhalation respectively. For a normal human being, taking deep breaths that  lasts five seconds in the inhalation process, then exh aling through the mouth, is a  sure  way of achieving this goal. The same  article  advises that one should  exercise  this  procedure  at least eight times every  minute  to burn the fat in the body. Asthanga is a Yoga related  treatment  that uses this breathing technique (Carter, 2010). Scientists have made discoveries that suggest that this hypnosis method converts fats conceived through stress, thyroid issues and poor eating habits into  body  waste. For athletes, using the same method to relax after  vigorous  activity  also helps in burning extra fats in the body.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are certain advantages that are associated with controlled breathing methods. The most  outstanding  advantage  in using this method of losing weight is how cheap it would  possibly  be. According to the mentioned sources, the pe rson engaging in this alternative method will only have to subject himself to controlled breathing. Nevertheless, Carter also points out that there is some information from Yoga experts that one needs to be aware of while practicing these techniques in order to  have the desired effects. Other advantages mentioned by Carter  include  the holistic cleansing of  certain  systems of one’s body. While performing this procedure, she claims that the colon as well as the digestive system receives purification. Large amounts of oxygen in the body works well in detoxifying the internal organs in one’s body. Another  system  that receives cleansing is the respiratory system, whereby eradication of toxic substances that sublime along the lungs takes place. One of the disadvantages of using this  method  as an  alternative  weight loss  method  is that it is slow. It will take a lot of time for a normal person to lose a significant number of pounds. In a ddition, there is a lot of  external  influence  that may hamper this method, including eating habits,  day-to-day  activities and stresses and strains of life. These factors have to  play  to the  person’s  advantage  in  order  for controlled breathing methods to  take  effect entirely (iloveindia.com, 2010). Another disadvantage is the fact that it can  play  as a muscle builder, rather than a relaxation  procedure  for athletes. This is not  particularly  a  disadvantage  for all athletes, but some sports require minimum muscles in certain body parts.  Continuous controlled breathing, according to WeightlossForAll increases the rates at which the heart pumps blood to the body.  This may be hazardous to people with weaker cardiovascular mechanisms. Overall, controlled breathing seems to be quite a  working  method  of losing weight. Though it may require constant  practice  and patience, the advantages of doing this along other weight reduction methods do  bring  the desired results. The use of Lipozene There are  certain  pills called Lipozenes that may assist in loss of  weight  in a quicker way than the methods mentioned earlier. Lipozene is made from  konjac, a plant with tough fibers. It has the ability to  make  the user feel full by slowing down the food digestion process (Monson Schoenstadt, 2009). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Loss Alternatives specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, Monson in his  review  asserts that there is a need for much research to  determine  the degree of its  effect  in reduction of weight loss in a  normal  human being. Primary suggestions show that Lipozene contains a  certain  ingredient, glucomannan, which has an  effect  on the fatty tissue of the human body.   According to Grannis,  there  are suggestions that seem t o  validate  the above  theory  by stating that glucomannan has the  ability  to reduce the sugar level of the user (2008). In addition, the article mentions that it also lowers cholesterol and fat qualtities in the body. On face value, the drug seems to give quite an innovative way to coerce the human being into reducing fats in the body.  The direct  advantage  of using Lipozene is that the  pill  itself is a  supplement. This means that the  drug  contains all the advantages that supplements have, that is, it is a fiber. As stated earlier, fibers assists in the digestive system of the  body  by cleaning it up. The other advantage is that fiber in the digestive system reduces the amount of food that one consumes. Hawarth, a specialist in  nutrition  as mentioned in Askville (2008)  asserts  that 14 grams of fiber each day in the diet can reduce the amount of  real  food that the person would otherwise consume by 4 pounds. This significan t reduction in the end gives us our second  advantage; controlled eating habits. Finally, the chemical within this ingredient has some medicinal value.  Glucomannan,  as stated earlier  does not only reduce a person’s  weight, but also assists the body through reduction of blood sugar and cholesterol (Kennedy, 2010).  The balancing of these two factors in one’s body is  necessary, and since  overweight  people suffer from these imbalances, this chemical content might be of value in their recovery. Natural ways Natural ways of losing weight are the steadiest and most  consistent  ways of according to some health experts. The  body  itself can burn the fat that an  overweight  individual has in their body; it only takes  healthy  and permanent changes in how one perceives food. Instead of removing unhealthy foods from ones diet abruptly, one can  begin  by adding healthier foods to their diet. This will ensure that they are  full  and will have less  space  in their stomach for the unhealthy foods. Increasing ones protein intake helps them to  feel  full for longer periods because they increase the amount of time it takes the food to reach the stomach (Nicks, 2010);  vegetables and fruits also  provide  vitamins and phytonutrients that make one  full.  Eating healthy boosts one’s energy leading them to start exercising, this helps in  naturally  burning accumulated fats as well as boosting more energy. New research has shown that exercises release a hormone that suppresses ones appetite naturally.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Physical activity lowers the risk of high-blood pressure, heart disease and heart attacks, and, at the same time, lowering the cholesterol levels in the body, which lead to clogged arteries (Mayo, 2010). One down side to going to the gym or jogging to lose weight is that it can lead to  many  injuries incase one is using the  equipment  in the wrong way or if they  strain  themselves too much. In addition, incase ones  schedule  becomes too busy and  stop  the  exercise  that they had begun, it will  lead  to one gaining weight all again. Aromatherapy The  word  aromatherapy seems as if it has nothing to do with weight loss. On the contrary, Aromatherapy motivates one to  diet  or even  go  for  exercise. Smell  therapy  also stimulates some feelings as well as memories (Ehrlich, 2009). For example, the use of grapefruit oil is a  common  exercise motivator for people who want to keep fit. On the down low, aromatherapy is  an  ex tremely expensive form of healing that requires a lot of equipment, a lot of  knowledge  in chemistry and it consumes a lot of time. The aroma of some foods motivates people to eat, as is the case where one enters a restaurant and orders something because it smells appetizing. This can lead to overeating and thus a person ends up adding more weight. Acupuncture The Chinese have used this  approach  as a form of  therapy  for many centuries. The most experienced acupuncturist studies how energy flows in the body and how it impedes or controls digestion. It has been proven that metabolism impediments can be unblocked if needles are applied in the  specific  body regions (Helmz, 2006). This procedure also helps the  body in controlling a raging  appetite  as well as keeping the individual on track in their  goal  for weight loss. Acupuncture though being low-risk  can have some dangers associated to it.  Failure to sterilize the needles can cause disease transmission having in mind that the transmission of Hepatitis B and C is possible even when using sterilized needles.  Placing the needles carelessly can cause damage to the brain, lungs and other organs incase deep needling is done in these areas.   On a less serious note, some people have complained of headaches, fatigue, and  nausea  or even in other cases, a worsening of the symptoms after acupuncture. Drinking water The kidneys need a lot of water to be able to clean up the blood (Donald, 2010).  If there is not enough water, the liver performs both of these roles, a  function  that will lead to it lowering  productivity  reduction, which is converting fats to energy.  The above inefficiency leads to the body storing up fats and leads to weight gain. Some experts say that drinking cold water enhances burning of fat, which eventually leads to weight loss and  in addition,  drinking a lot  of water leads to a loss of appetite, which is a step in the ri ght direction for anyone who wants to look  lean  and  healthy. Giving the  body  a lot of water makes it to eliminate the water that it had stored in places like the ankles, thighs or even around the belly in order to create a balance. This can be a  disadvantage  because if one goes through a long  period  without water, the body will have no  reserve  to depend on. Detox and Raw Diets Detox diets are those diets that get rid of impurities in the  body, the body’s inability to remove these toxins leads to illness. Toxins  are  poisonous substances that interfere with the bodies normal functions (Wong, 2010). Raw diets are meals that are made up of uncooked foodstuff. These diets lead to  fast  and natural weight loss that improves people’s health at the same time boosting their energy. Though they have many advantages, these types of weight loss  alternatives require  total commitment; detox diets usually lead to cases of low  im munity  and nutrient  deficiency; some foods  gain  nutritional  value  after being cooked. Some people’s digestive systems cannot handle raw foods because of the nature of the foods despite having all the enzymes they  require. Colon cleansing The colon is a  vital  part in the digestive system, but if toxins  clog  it with wastes and fecal  material, it does not work effectively because the body gets tired quickly and lacks the  energy  to burn the fat. When a colon is cleansed the necessary nutrients and vitamins can be absorbed more easily and incase one is on a diet, they can  follow  it without difficulty. This  practice  supplies a person with additional energy, reduces the  weight  and enhances metabolism. Colon cleansing is  specific  to an individual. One can lose a lot of  weight  from a colon cleanse diet while another may not. Some factors that lead to this  disparity  include eating habits, metabolism, and exe rcise routines. Some colon cleanse diets like the lemon juice stipulates that no solid foods are allowed for a period of ten days, during this time, one has to take a salt-water flush while during the afternoon they  take  laxative tea each morning. These  diet  requirements  are quite a challenge and force many people to quit a few days after they have started the weight loss program. Bariatric Surgery This surgery places a  physical  obstacle to the calories that one can take over a period.  Some procedures  act  as  early  signs of  fullness  while others act as a barrier.  This leads to an  individual  eating less food and then their body turns to the excess  fat  that it has stored as an immediate source of energy. The common types of this surgery are gastric bypass, gastric banding and gastroplasty. Many patients have successfully gone through these procedures making it a remarkably  safe  and effective weight loss  method. However , like every other surgery, it can  get  complex  and  has  its own risks. Conclusion There are  very  many ways of losing weight, whereby each has its  advantages  and disadvantages. It is in the hands of  whoever is losing the  weight  to  choose  the  method  that is most  suitable  and convenient for them. Someone ought to be extremely careful in choosing which method to  employ, giving preference to those that have the least risks as compared to their effectiveness. References Askville. (2008). How does lipozene work to assist users in losing weight? Retrieved from http://askville.amazon.com/lipozene-work-assist-users-losing-weight/AnswerViewer.do?requestId=10716538 Carter, D. (2010). Yoga Weight Loss A Healthy Alternative: Penetration of Disaster. Retrieved from http://www.preventionofdisaster.org/article/yoga-weight-loss-a-healthy-alternative Donald, S. (2010). The Water Health Report: How eight glasses a day keeps the fat off! Retrieved from http://www.colonhealth.net/free_reports/h2oartcl.htm Ehrlich, D. (2009). Aromatherapy. Medical Center. MA: University of Maryland. Retrieved from http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/aromatherapy-000347.htm Grannis, J. (2008). Effective Lipozene alternatives for losing weight quickly. Helium:Diet and Weight loss. Retrieved from http://www.helium.com/items/779044-effective-lipozene-alternatives-for-losing-weight-quickly Helmz, M. (2006). Doctor, what’s this Acupuncture all About. Retrieved from http://www.medicalacupuncture.org/acu_info/articles/aboutacupuncture.html Hendrick , B. (2010). Americans Are Eating Poorly, Exercising Less, and Getting Bigger, Survey Finds. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/about-webmd-policies/default.htm?ss=ftr Ilonveindia. (2010). Yoga for Weight Reduction: Yoga Benefits. Retrieved from http://yoga.iloveindia.com/yoga-benefits/weight-reduction.html Kennedy, D., (2010). What Are the Benefits of Lipozene. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/fact s_5002039_what-benefits-lipozene.html Mayo, C. (2010). Exercise: A drug-free approach to lowering high blood pressure. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/high-blood-pressure/HI00024 Monson, K., and Schoenstadt, A. (2009). Lipozene. Retrieved from http://weight-loss.emedtv.com/lipozene/lipozene.html Nicks, J. (2010). How to Fix a Slow Digestive System. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/slow-digestive-system.html WeightLossForAll. (2010). Can breathing really affect potential weight loss. Retrieved from http://www.weightlossforall.com/breathing-techniques-x.htm Wong, C. (2010). Learn About the Detox Diet. Retrieved from http://altmedicine.about.com/cs/dietarytherapy/a/Detox_Diet_Plan.htm This essay on Weight Loss Alternatives was written and submitted by user Mr.Immortal to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Explanation of Unicode Character Encoding

An Explanation of Unicode Character Encoding For a computer to be able to store text and numbers that humans can understand, there needs to be a code that transforms characters into numbers. The Unicode standard defines such a code by using character encoding. The reason character encoding is so important is so that every device can display the same information. A custom character encoding scheme might work brilliantly on one computer, but problems will occur when if you send that same text to someone else. It wont know what youre talking about unless it understands the encoding scheme too. Character Encoding All character encoding does is assign a number to every character that can be used. You  could make a character encoding right now. For example, I could say that the letter A becomes the number 13, a14, 133, #123, and so on. This is where industry-wide standards come in. If the whole computer industry uses the same character encoding scheme, every computer can display the same characters. What Is Unicode? ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) became the first widespread encoding scheme. However, its limited to only 128 character definitions. This is fine for the most common English characters, numbers, and punctuation, but is a bit limiting for the rest of the world. Naturally, the rest of the world wants the same encoding scheme for their characters too. However, for a little, while depending on where you were, there might have been a different character displayed for the same ASCII code. In the end, the other parts of the world began creating their own encoding schemes, and things started to get a little bit confusing. Not only were the coding schemes of different lengths, programs needed to figure out which encoding scheme they were supposed to use. It became apparent that a new character encoding scheme was needed, which is when the Unicode standard was created. The objective of Unicode is to unify all the different encoding schemes so that the confusion between computers can be limited as much as possible. These days, the Unicode standard defines values for over 128,000 characters and can be seen at the Unicode Consortium. It has several character encoding forms: UTF-8: Only uses one byte (8 bits) to encode English characters. It can use a sequence of bytes to encode other characters. UTF-8 is widely used in email systems and on the internet.UTF-16: Uses two bytes (16 bits) to encode the most commonly used characters. If needed, the additional characters can be represented by a pair of 16-bit numbers.UTF-32: Uses four bytes (32 bits) to encode the characters. It became apparent that as the Unicode standard grew, a 16-bit number is too small to represent all the characters. UTF-32 is capable of representing every Unicode character as one number. Note: UTF means Unicode Transformation Unit. Code Points A code point is the value that a character is given in the Unicode standard. The values according to Unicode are written as hexadecimal numbers and have a prefix of U. For example, to encode the characters we looked at earlier: A is U0041a is U00611 is U0031# is U0023 These code points are split into 17 different sections called planes, identified by numbers 0 through 16. Each plane holds 65,536 code points. The first plane, 0, holds the most commonly used characters and is known as the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Code Units The encoding schemes are made up of code units, which are used to provide an index for where a character is positioned on a plane. Consider UTF-16 as an example. Each 16-bit number is a code unit. The code units can be transformed into code points. For instance, the flat note symbol â™ ­ has a code point of U1D160 and lives on the second plane of the Unicode standard (Supplementary Ideographic Plane). It would be encoded using the combination of the 16-bit code units UD834 and UDD60. For the BMP, the values of the code points and code units are identical. This allows a shortcut for UTF-16 that saves a lot of storage space. It only needs to use one 16-bit number to represent those characters. How Does Java Use Unicode? Java was created around the time when the Unicode standard had values defined for a much smaller set of characters. Back then, it was felt that 16-bits would be more than enough to encode all the characters that would ever be needed. With that in mind, Java was designed to use UTF-16. The char data type was originally used to represent a 16-bit Unicode code point. Since Java SE v5.0, the char represents a code unit. It makes little difference for representing characters that are in the Basic Multilingual Plane because the value of the code unit is the same as the code point. However, it does mean that for the characters on the other planes, two chars are needed. The important thing to remember is that a single char data type can no longer represent all the Unicode characters.

Introducing Examples

Introducing Examples Introducing Examples Introducing Examples By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked me about my use of the abbreviation Ex. Does [Ex.] mean for example? Ive only known one abbreviation and thats eg. If that is the case can you please explain where eg came from? Sometimes I use Ex. to mean â€Å"for example† or â€Å"an example.† Sometimes I spell out â€Å"for example.† And when I’m feeling academic, I use e.g. to introduce a list of examples. E.g. is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase exempli gratia, â€Å"for the sake of example.† In US usage, a comma always follows the abbreviation, but in British usage, a comma after e.g. is optional. In this article, e.g. is written in italics because I’m writing about it. In normal use, the abbreviation is written in roman type: e.g. In the old days, before handy Latin shortcuts were perceived as â€Å"elitist and discriminatory, â€Å"writers threw in e.g. without restriction. Nowadays, style guides impose limitations. The Chicago Manual of Style advises that if e.g. is used in â€Å"running text,† it should be â€Å"confined to parentheses or notes.† Writing in 1926, Fowler (Modern English Usage) didn’t put any restrictions on the use of e.g., but in 1965, his editor, Ernest Gowers, added this advice: [The abbreviation e.g.] should be reserved for footnotes or very concise writing; in open prose it is better to write â€Å"for example.† The most unkindest cut of all regarding the use of e.g. and its ilk came to my attention in 2008 when I read an article in the London Telegraph about a movement in Britain to purge English of such long-established Latin shortcuts: Local authorities have ordered employees to stop using [Latin terms] on documents and when communicating with members of the public and to rely on wordier alternatives instead. The terms to be dropped in official documents included bona fide, ad lib, etc., ad hoc, i.e., per se, quid pro quo, vice versa, via, and status quo. Among the replacement recommendations were â€Å"existing condition† or â€Å"state of things† for status quo, and â€Å"for this special purpose† in place of ad hoc. Here’s the rationale offered by Bournemouth Council: Not everyone knows Latin. Many readers do not have English as their first language so using Latin can be particularly difficult. ESL learners shouldn’t have more difficulty than Latinless native speakers when it comes to learning the traditional Latin shortcuts. All they have to do is look them up in an English dictionary. However, we live in an age that bows before ignorance. Governing authorities and schools seem to feel that eliminating â€Å"hard words† is more desirable than taking the trouble to teach them. As for my use of the abbreviations e.g. and Ex., the only time I choose e.g. is in running text to introduce a short list of things or people to illustrate a concept: I especially love the nineteenth-century novelists, e.g., Herman Melville, Mrs. Gaskill, and George Eliot. And I don’t always put the e.g. bit in parentheses. Related post: The Difference Between e.g. and i.e.? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingWriting a Thank You Note

External Environment of Hospitality Industry Essay

External Environment of Hospitality Industry - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that considering the ever-changing environment for the coming generation, it is highly likely that these people may not provide that much business to the hospitality and tourism industry as compared to their parents. This is true because of increasing pressures on the next generation for hard work, the presence of more options to do at home with all the gadgets and challenging work life to maintain an acceptable level of lifestyle in the coming years. Therefore, the hospitality industry will have to cater to these customers by providing them with the most value in limited time considering their busy lives. Another possible socio-cultural factor would be the rise of ethical consumerism in the developed countries where consumers are looking for products and services whose practices are of fair-trade, green, ethical, sustainable and responsible. These consumers are often ready to pay premiums for the products and services of such companies and the same is true for the hospitality industry as well. This niche market has immense potential since it has grown from 13.9 billion pounds in the year 1998 to 40.2 billion pounds in 2010 in the UK alone. Without any doubts, the economic factors are the most defining and crucial external forces affecting the hospitality industry. Even as of today, the global economic system has not recovered from the recession that hit in the year 2007. In the United Kingdom, experts are hinting a fear of double-dip recession. The current economic outlook of United States is not healthy considering the fact that for the past couple of years, 2009 and 2010, the real GDP growth rate has been -2.7 and 2.9 respectively and the unemployment rate is at alarming high level of 9.1 percent. On top of these, the frustration and aggravation of the people of US are evident from the movements such as Occupy Wall Street and 99 percent.

Personal Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Values - Essay Example There is a great deal of focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty within the company. I found these values highly impressive and since they were reflected in the way things were done at Kudler, I feel they were more than just words. Kudler believes that it doesn't need to lower its prices to draw more customers. It wants to retain its existing customers and attract potential ones with the help of a different strategy. This is a good strategy and I believe that the firm understands that it is not always the price that matters. Kudler knows that the people who appreciate its products are quality conscious people and hence it is the product itself which is important to them and not the price. Thus Kudler has not made Price a differentiating factor to attract customers. Kudler has been working on various things to improve customer loyalty and to track their preferences. For one, Kudler plans to offer differentiating services to its customers who this would be a new and unique bakery experience for them. In order to do that, the firm plans to track customer's tastes and preferences in order to serve them better. The one area where I need more understanding is company's use of technology. While the company has always been willing to incorporate technology, I still find its use of technology very limited. This shows that the company either has not been paying too much attention to technology or it is deliberately keeping the use to a minimum. As a manager that first thing I would like to work on would be the use of technology. With Internet becoming such a formidable force, I would like to harness the power of this technology to make operations even more efficient and systematic at Kudler. Internet can be used for various purposes such as: 1. To reach a wider customer base 2. to track the tastes and preferences of customers 3. To announce new promotions and products 4. To conduct polls on products 5. To offer new customers with coupons 6. To track the number of customers interested in Kudler products 7. To get feedback My plan to accomplish this would include minimum budget since I understand that Internet systems do not need cost a lot provided you know the right people in the business. I understand that once a system is in place, we would need to train some of our staff especially for the purpose of working online to product customers with instant answers to their queries and to work on their feedback. We will need to start with having a website dedicated to customer service improvement. This site will have a poll, information on new products and new promotions, it would also include a feedback form plus other important things in an entertaining way so people would want to stay on the website. I find its customer service focus very appealing. I have worked for other companies and have found that often the reason for failure is lack of concern for customers. I am highly interested in improving customer service at Kudler and I find that this company is equally interested and equally committed to it.

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay Example for Free

Goal and Phoenix Career Services Essay My Career Plan: Work Culture Preference states that I am an ethical well-resourced expert. Based on over one-hundred questions given that narrow down what I would like in an ideal job setting, I had only the choices of not at all or more likely. Knowing my ideal work culture not only would allow me to benefit my organization to achieve goals but will also allow me to achieve personal goals as well. I’m excited to find the work culture preference results returned that being ethical was the first of the three qualities it defined me as. Emphasis on fairness and equal rights has always been important to me, I believe that my timed served in the Navy is a reinforcing factor in that you should not segregate by gender, ethnicity or cultures. There should be no one person that is looked at as inferior or not qualified to complete any task assigned. I would look for the people who would not be afraid to express themselves freely and contribute their thoughts and ideas to better the organization. Navigate to My Career Plan in Phoenix Career Services through the link on the student website. Complete the Career Plan Building Activity: Work Culture Preferences. Explore the resources in the Phoenix Career Services and My Career Plan. Answer the following questions, in at least 350 words, about your work culture preference and the resources in Phoenix Career Services: †¢Were you surprised by your results †¢What resources in the My Career Plan and Phoenix Career Services site did you find that could help you in your career preparations †¢How did the work culture preferences relate to your personal competencies from Week Two? Submit your answers to your facilitator. Individual University Library Research Resources: Appendix E; University Library Interactive Tutorial Locate the University Library by logging on to the student website, selecting Library, and clicking University Library. Find two articles in the University Library about one (or a combination) of the following topics: †¢Career planning †¢Distance learning †¢Ensuring academic honesty †¢Effective personal goal setting †¢Time management skills for college students Use a periodicals database, such as EBSCOhost, to find each article. Review Appendix E for information about using the databases. Practice using the Boolean and wildcard strategies you learned about in the University Library tutorial. Cite each article so it can be found again. You can use the Citation Generator on the Center for Writing Excellence site. Summarize each article briefly in 2 to 3 sentences. If there are specific opinions or facts, document them. Answer these questions about each article: †¢What keyword search led you to this particular article? †¢Why did you choose this article over the others the keyword search also found? Post the article information and summaries for both articles. www. bignerds. com

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers fc

Throughout the story, Heart of Darkness, there is a thin line between what is seen as reality and what is illusion. The main character soon realizes that he has different interpretations of events and physical things than that of the Europeans. Charlie Marlow first realizes how many things, events and even people, in Africa, seemed misnamed by the Europeans, distorting them from what they truly are. Consequently he is wary of labeling something in case he might misname it and as a result devalue it. In the end, Kurtz, who has already reached enlightenment, will be the one to teach Marlow, though not directly, the significance of a name. Charlie Marlow is the only one to be referred to by his name because through his journey to the inner station and consequent enlightenment, he alone, with Kurtz, have realized the importance of a name and therefore deserve to have one attached to them, as they are really the only people of actual importance and meaning. As soon as Marlow reaches the c oast of Africa, he realizes a difference in the perception of certain events by him and his comrades on the boat. As Marlow’s boat pulls up to the Outer Station, he sees a man-of-war shelling the continent, which is quickly clarified, by a pilgrim, to be a front against "a camp of natives - he called them enemies! - hidden out of sight somewhere" (Conrad 78) Marlow felt a "touch of insanity" in the whole concept of shelling the natives, who had done nothing to be considered enemies or criminals and had very likely fled the area a long time ago. Yet the Europeans feel that the natives are truly a threat and must be controlled. Further along, Marlow meets a pilgrim who is called the brick-maker, yet promptly notices that there is "not a scrap of brick anywhere in the station". This is another example of how something, in this case the brick-maker, is misnamed, as he is not actually a brick-maker since he does not make any bricks at all, and therefo re really has no purpose there. A final example of how things are misnamed and distorted is pertaining to Kurtz. Firstly, "kurtz" means short, yet to Marlow, the man appears to be "seven feet long" (Conrad 135). Likewise, when the uncle and the nephew talk about Kurtz, who Marlow has heard to be a great and remarkable man, they only refer to him as "that man" and "scoundrel".

A memorable experience in my life Essay

I have rarely thought about the so-called memorable experiences in life. Since there are a lot of things that need to be done now and also in the future, to me, it is quite hard to write about this topic and it took me a lot of time recalling what have happened in my life, what the memorable experiences were and what the most memorable one was. Finally, I realized that a memorable experience is not only a significant event like getting a university degree, travelling abroad or having a good job. It can also be small events in life such as the first day going to school, the first time riding bicycle or something like that. To me, the most memorable experience that I have was the time I spent with my father during my childhood. I have two elder brothers, one elder sister and one younger sister. My younger sister is only 2 years old younger than me and apparently, we spent most of the time playing together throughout our childhood. My father usually took us to the park by the river ever y weekend. There we played tig, hide-and-seek, merry-go-round; shared one piece of baked banana, and so on. They were just small things, but these small things made us remember all these moments forever. We felt happy every single moment we shared with our father. Read more: Essays About Life Experiences My father passed away on the Buddhist holiday (the 15th of the 7th month of the lunar calendar) last year due to poor health situation at the old age. We told each other not to cry so that he could leave this world peacefully. Finally, I could not stand it and left my brother’s house where my father was lying for a small park near my house. The merry-go-round there reminded me of all the good things he had devoted to us. I could not stop crying then. When my little daughter asks me to bring her to the park or do her some favor, I sometimes scold her because I am tired after being swamped up with the daily jobs and activities. Thinking of my father, I often say sorry to her after that and think if I can do just half of the things my father did for me, I am already a good mother. The most important thing I can learn from my father is to love my family, and to show the love to the beloved ones by simple actions in daily life. So, my friends, if you love someone, just say you love them and try your best to bring good things to your beloved ones whenever you can. Their happiness is your happiness!

Concept Analysis: Quality of LIfe Essay

What does quality of life mean? How would a person define the concept of quality of life? Philosophers have studied questions similar to these in the aspect of what constitutes a â€Å"good† life for hundreds of years. There really is no certain date to the origin of quality of life as a specific term. In the years 1953 to 1954, two economists have been linked as the ones who used the concept in expressing their concern over ecological dangers of unlimited economic growth (Snoek, 2000). Other economists in the 1950s researched the ideas of what counts in life is not the quantity of goods but the quality of one’s life. Social scientists began to use the term quality of life in the 1970s. Also in the 1970s, there has been growing interest in quality of life issues in relation to nursing, medicine, and health care (Sarvimaki & Stenbock-Hult, 2000). Philosophers used the concept quality of life in the 1980s to formulate moral judgment, particularly with infanticide and euthanasia in relation to severely handicapped infants and life sustaining treatment (Pennacchini, Bertolaso, Elvira & DeMarinis, 2011). Researcher’s interest in theoretical issues and quality of life has fallen, but quality of life continues to be used in health care and clinical practice (Pennacchini et al, 2011). There are thousands of people living today with disease and health disparity. For some individuals, the goal of health may not be freedom of disease or health disparity, but a high quality of life. Through concept analysis using the Walker and Avant Model, the concept of quality of life will be examined with an emphasis on health. Many aspects will be explored to the concept, including uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and empirical referents. Concept The concept of quality of life and what it means is highly ambiguous. Barofsky (2012) explains that any broad concept, such as quality of life, will continually change as it is further studied and more is learned on the concept. In a broad aspect, quality of life can be defined as the dimensions of human experience, ranging from those associated with the necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and achieving a sense of fulfillment and personal happiness (Snoek, 2000). Related to health, quality of life can be defined as a concept encompassing physical and psychological characteristics and limitations, describing an individual’s ability to function and get satisfaction from the ability to function (Snoek, 2000). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) defines quality of life as a broad multidimensional concept that includes subjective evaluations of positive and negative aspects to life. Healthy People 2020 (2013) defines health related quality of life as a multidimensional concept including a person’s well being of physical, mental, emotional and social functioning and explains this concept goes beyond life expectancy, causes of death, and direct measures of population health. Purpose Analyzing the concept of health related quality of life helps one understand the concept with deeper meaning and clarity. A question to be asked is, â€Å"how do health practitioners improve the quality of life in patients?† The purpose of quality of life analysis is to improve awareness on the concept and to promote the use in medical and nursing practice. With the growing needs to enhance health related quality of life, national goals have been initiated. Healthy People 2020 (2013) identified quality of life improvement as an important public health goal, paving way to further analysis of the concept. Uses of the Concept The concept of quality of life can be used in many different aspects and disciplines. In general, quality of life can be used with philosophy, politics, business, social sciences, health promotion, nursing, and medicine. Quality of life can be used for life evaluation in each of these disciplines listed above. In health care, for example, research may examine quality of life in relation to cancer treatment versus palliative care. Another specific example would be a study on complementary and alternative medicine use and quality of life in diabetics. In medicine, the concept of  quality of life can be used in many different aspects from disorders, diseases, treatment implications, and improvement of quality of life. In sociology, quality of life can be used for social indicators to trace changes over time and monitor the social system, for example. In politics, quality of life can be measured on individual rights and the freedom of choice. The examples provided are a select few to the wide range of uses for quality of life. Defining Attributes Defining attributes are traits or distinctive features of a concept, giving greater insight to that concept. One of the most important defining attributes to quality of life is happiness. Philosophers have studied happiness for long periods of time, considering happiness to be the highest good and utmost motivation for humans (Kerce, 1992). From other literature review, there are attributes most frequently associated with quality of life, which include: physical health, mental health, level of independence, social and emotional facets, and spirituality. Another attribute that has emerged is ones ability to reflect on their life at a given moment and consider themself to be happily satisfied. There are many individual perspectives to what constitutes quality of life according to each of these defining attributes. For example, quality of life in the aspect of physical health may be pain or ability to sleep. Quality of life in psychological state may be physical appearance, feelings, and self-esteem. For individuals who live in the United States and other developed countries, attributes to quality of life may be different compared to non-developed countries. For example, a person in Africa may define quality of life by freedom from torture, slavery, and religion. Other thoughts in non-developed areas could be the access to education, access to health care, freedom of disease and health burden, and a right to be treated equally. There are many luxuries in the United States and other countries that are not an option in non-developed areas that one must consider with defining attributes at a cultural level. Model Case A model case is used to demonstrate all of the defining characteristics of a concept. For a model case with quality of life, a person would have to be in a state of physical health, mental health, happy, independent, have adequate  social aspects, be able to evaluate their life, and a healthy spiritual life. With this, one must keep in mind the individuality of what these terms mean to someone. A model case could be the following scenario: P.C. is a 62 year-old male who recently retired from his job as an electrical engineer with Paskato Brothers Incorporated. This man is happily married to his wife of 40 years and together they have four children and ten grandchildren. P.C. and his wife are planning their years of retirement to be fulfilled with tourism, purchasing a lake home, and spending time with their children and grandchildren. Socially, P.C. spends Wednesday afternoons with his good friends at Zest Creek golf course. P.C. attends Heart and Spirit Lutheran Church and considers himself to be strong in his beliefs. P.C. exercises three times a week at Wellness World and attends a bone-building class on Tuesday mornings to keep his bones and joints healthy. According to P.C.’s yearly physical with his primary care provider, he is in excellent physical and mental health. P.C. reflects on his life and feels extremely blessed to be in his position and states he â€Å"would not change a thing.† P.C. considers himself to be happy, healthy, and full of life. In this model case, P.C. has met all of the attributes that contribute to quality of life. P.C. is able to look at his life with satisfaction and happiness. From the model, one can determine that P.C. is in good physical health, mental health, social and emotional health, and satisfied with his spiritual life. Also, P.C. is independent in his life, being able to care for himself and has no physical limitations. Borderline Case In life, there are several different components to quality. Many people would argue that the quality of ones life is what matters, not the longevity. From analyzing quality of life, one can understand this concept with better meaning and clarity. Quality of life as a concept has been examined through uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. Through examination, one can determine there are subjective and objective components to quality of life, with an emphasis to individuality. Awareness to the concept has been brought to light, with indication for the importance of quality of life in health care to better patient’s lives. Hopefully, research will continue on ways to improve quality of life in all aspects, with a special focus to health care. References Armstrong, D., & Caldwell, D. (2004). Origins of the concept of quality of life in health care: A rhetorical solution to a political problem. Social Theory & Health, 2, 361- 371. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/458047/Origins_of_the_concept_of_Quality_of_Life_i n_health_care Barofsky, I. (2012). Can quality or quality-of-life be defined? Quality Of Life Research, 21(4), 625-631. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9961-0 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Population Health (2011). Health-related quality of life. . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm Healthy People 2020, Division of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Irelands Repeal Movement

Ireland's Repeal Movement The Repeal Movement was a political campaign spearheaded by Irish statesman Daniel OConnell in the early 1840s. The goal was to break political ties with Britain by repealing the Act of Union, legislation passed in 1800. The campaign to repeal the Act of Union was considerably different than OConnells earlier great political movement, the Catholic Emancipation movement of the 1820s. In the intervening decades, the literacy rate of the Irish people had increased, and an influx of new newspapers and magazines helped to communicate OConnells message and mobilize the populace. OConnells repeal campaign ultimately failed, and Ireland would not break free from British rule until the 20th century. But the movement was remarkable as it enlisted millions of Irish people in a political cause, and some aspects of it, such as the famed Monster Meetings, demonstrated that the majority of Irelands population could gather behind the cause. Background of the Repeal Movement The Irish people had been opposed to the Act of Union since its passage in 1800, but it wasnt until the late 1830s that the beginnings of an organized effort to repeal it took shape. The goal, of course, was to strive for self-government for Ireland and a break with Britain. Daniel OConnell organized the Loyal National Repeal Association in 1840. The association was well-organized with various departments, and members paid dues and were issued membership cards. When a Tory (conservative) government came into power in 1841, it appeared obvious that the Repeal Association would not be able to achieve its goals through traditional parliamentary votes. OConnell and his followers began to think of other methods, and the idea of holding enormous meetings and involving as many people as possible seemed like the best approach. The Mass Movement During a period of about six months in 1843, the Repeal Association held a series of enormous gatherings in the east, west, and south of Ireland (support for repeal was not popular in the northern province of Ulster). There had been large meetings in Ireland before, such as anti-temperance rallies led by the Irish priest Father Theobald Matthew. But Ireland, and probably the world, had never seen anything like OConnells Monster Meetings.   It is unclear exactly how many people attended the various rallies, as partisans on both sides of the political divide claimed different totals. But its clear that tens of thousands attended some of the meetings. It was even claimed that some crowds numbered a million people, though that number has always been viewed skeptically. More than 30 large Repeal Association meetings were held, often at sites associated with Irish history and mythology. One idea was so instilled in the common people a connection to Irelands romantic past. It can be argued that the goal of connecting people to the past was accomplished, and the large meetings were worthwhile achievements for that alone. The Meetings In the Press As the meetings began to be held across Ireland in the summer of 1843 news reports circulated describing the remarkable events. The star speaker of the day, of course, would be OConnell. And his arrival in a locality would generally consist of a large procession. The enormous gathering at racecourse in Ennis, in County Clare, in the west of Ireland, on June 15, 1843, was described in a news report which was carried across the ocean by the steamship Caledonia. The Baltimore Sun published the account on its front page of July 20, 1843. The crowd at Ennis was described: Mr. OConnell had a demonstration at Ennis, for the county of Clare, on Thursday, the 15th ult., and the meeting is described as more numerous than any that preceded it- the numbers are stated at 700,000! including about 6,000 horsemen; the cavalcade of cars extended from Ennis to Newmarket- six miles. The preparations for his reception were most elaborate; at the entrance to the town whole trees were plants, with triumphal arches across the road, mottoes, and devices. The Baltimore Sun article also referred to a large meeting held on a Sunday which featured an outdoor mass held before OConnell and others spoke of political matters: A meeting was held at Athlone on Sunday- from 50,000 to 400,000, many of them women- and one writer says that 100 priests were on the ground. The gathering took place at Summerhill. Before it, mass was said in the open air, for the benefit of those who had left their distant homes too soon to attend morning service. News reports appearing in American newspapers noted that 25,000 British troops had been stationed in Ireland in expectation of an uprising. And to American readers, at least, Ireland appeared on the verge of a rebellion. The End of Repeal Despite the popularity of the large meetings, which mean the majority of Irish people may have been directly touched by OConnells message, the Repeal Association eventually faded away. In large part, the goal was simply unattainable as the British population, and British politicians, were not sympathetic to Irish freedom. And, Daniel OConnell, in the 1840s, was elderly. As his health faded the movement faltered, and his death seemed to mark the end of the push for repeal. OConnells son tried to keep the movement going, but he did not have the political skills or magnetic personality of his father. The legacy of the Repeal Movement is mixed. Though the movement itself failed, it kept alive the quest for Irish self-government. It was the last great political movement to affect Ireland before the horrific years of the Great Famine. And it inspired younger revolutionaries, who would go on to be involved with Young Ireland and the Fenian Movement.

The Function of the Diencephalon Section of the Brain

The Function of the Diencephalon Section of the Brain The diencephalon and the telencephalon (cerebrum) comprise the two major divisions of your prosencephalon or forebrain. If you were to look at a brain, with the skull removed, you would not be able to see the diencephalon, it is mostly hidden from view. It is a small part of the brain nested  under and between the two  cerebral hemispheres, just above the start of the  midbrains brain stem. Despite being small in size, the diencephalon plays a number of critical roles in healthy brain and bodily function within the central nervous system. Function The diencephalon relays sensory information between  brain  regions and controls many autonomic functions of the  peripheral nervous system. It connects structures of the  endocrine system  with the nervous system and works with the  limbic system  structures to generate and manage emotions and memories.   Several structures of the diencephalon work together and with other body parts  to affect the following bodily functions: Directing sense impulses throughout the bodyAutonomic function controlEndocrine function controlMotor function controlHomeostasisHearing, vision, smell, and tasteTouch perception Structures of the Diencephalon The main structures of the diencephalon include the hypothalamus, thalamus, epithalamus (along with the  pineal gland), and subthalamus. Also located within the diencephalon is the third ventricle, one of the four brain ventricles or cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Each part has its own role to play. Thalamus The thalamus assists in sensory perception, regulation of motor functions, and control of sleep and wake cycles. The brain has two thalamus sections. The thalamus acts as a relay station for almost all sensory information (with the exception of smell). Before the sensory information reaches your brains cortex, it stops at the thalamus first. The sensory information travels to the area (or nuclei) that specialize in dealing with that sensory information and then that information passes to the cortex for further processing. The thalamus processes information it receives from the cortex as well. It passes that information on to other parts of the brain and plays a big role in sleep and consciousness.   Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is small, about the size of an almond, and serves as the control center for many autonomic functions through the release of  hormones. This part of the brain is also responsible for maintaining homeostasis, which is your bodys attempt to maintain normal balance, for example, body temperature and blood pressure. The hypothalamus receives a steady stream of information about these types of factors. When the hypothalamus recognizes an unanticipated imbalance, it enacts a mechanism to rectify that disparity. As the main area that regulates hormone secretion and the control of hormone release from the  pituitary gland, the hypothalamus has widespread effects on the body and behavior.   Epithalamus Located in the rear or bottom area of the diencephalon that includes the pineal gland,  the epithalamus aids in sense of smell and helps to regulate sleep and wake cycles. The pineal gland is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone melatonin, which is thought to play an important role in the regulation of circadian rhythms responsible for sleep and wake cycles. Subthalamus A portion of the subthalamus is made of tissues from the midbrain. This area is densely interconnected with the basal ganglia structures that are part of the cerebrum, which assists in motor control. Other Divisions of the Brain There are three divisions  of the brain. The diencephalon along with the cerebral cortex and brain lobes make up the forebrain. The other two parts are the midbrain and hindbrain. The midbrain  is where the brain stem starts and connects the forebrain to the hindbrain. The brain stem travels all the way through the hindbrain. The hindbrain regulates autonomic functions and coordinates most bodily movement.

Country-risk analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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St George's Church, Schenectady, NY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

St George's Church, Schenectady, NY - Essay Example To the north is the Mohawk river. As an Anglican Church, St. George’s was established by British missionaries and supported by many other churches in the area. Donations were provided by Trinity Church on Wall St., as well as from the many Dutch and English settlers. Sir William Johnson became one of the first parishioners, with a generous donation. He also used his influence with fellow officers to gain even more support. â€Å"Well known throughout the colonies for his defeat of the French at Lake George, Johnson's heroic capture of Fort Niagara only weeks before the initial subscription helped guarantee a favorable response.† (stgeorgesschenectady.org). Church membership was limited to those who held blue collar jobs with limited means Through the 1700s. In the 1770s, during the Revolutionary war the church was used as a barracks. For the remainder of the century the church struggled with membership and obtaining appropriate leadership. Again, in the early 1800s Trin ity Church donated funds for repair of St. George’s and for the Rector’s salary. In 1810 the church formed a choir. By 1830 a Sunday School with around 70 children was operating. An active Ladies’ Guild was also raising funds for church projects by this time, allowing it to become more self sufficient. In 1941 William Johnson returned, this time as Rector of St. George’s.

Next Shop Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Next Shop - Assignment Example Next takes a long term view while deciding for its actions and ensures that its suppliers adhere to the same level of commitment too (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.3). It would be worthwhile to understand the operations of next before we delve into how the company trains and develops its employees to adapt to the market challenges. Understanding Next's Business Currently, companies are required to operate in the most challenging environment as they need to address complex set of issues for their business, for their customers, the environment in which they operate and the suppliers that they depend upon. Next fully realizes that these aspects cannot be tackled without taking into consideration its people on the job. With average 278,000 transactions done in a day, ‘Next’ claims to have 3 million active customers with them. With turnover of ?3,441million in the year ended January 2012, Next’s operation are spread in 7 countries with 26 its own stores and 1 64 overseas franchise stores in 27 countries operating in Asia, Africa and Europe continents. To cater to the customers efficiently and in time, ‘Next’ has established warehousing and distribution division. Next depends upon its suppliers to cater to the needs of its customers; at the same time, employees form a most crucial and strong link to service its valuable customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p. 5-6). Next’s special emphasis on training and development of its employees should be seen in this perspective. Approach towards its People ‘Next’ believes in attracting and retaining the right people across all levels considering them a most valuable asset for the growth of the company. The company is committed to provide a healthy environment to its employees so that they can thrive in their personal and professional development. Moreover, the company works towards providing an environment where all employees are treated fairly, supported , respected and motivated so that they could reach to their full potential. The company has developed certain policies for training and the development of the employees. The company upholds basic human rights and follows International Labour Organisation (ILO) core conventions. Employees are imparted basic training so that they understand these principles. The company is well aware that committed employees can help grow the organization by delivering excellent services to the customers (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.16). Code of Practice Next lists key principles that speak about its employment policies. They are: Healthy and safe working conditions; reasonable working hours; equal opportunities; proper wages and benefits; no forced labour; employment security; no child labour; proper treatment to employees; and freedom of association to employees. Next applies above principles in each of the countries that it operates in and also insists on its suppliers that they also ad here to these norms (Next Corporate Responsibility Report, p.7). Safe Working Conditions Next gives top priority to the Health and safety of its employees. Next has taken necessary measures to protect their employees from high risk areas such as ‘falls from height’, construction and maintenance activities, vehicle movements, fire and many more. Next makes it very clear in its contracts with

Globalization Has Increased Poverty In A Developing Nation Economics Essay

Globalization Has Increased Poverty In A Developing Nation Economics Essay Nowadays, the term globalization is the main focus of attention. It is often described as a process of internationalization easy communication regardless of geographical boundaries due to advance technologies, easy and fast financial capital flow across the globe and countries become more interdependent particularly in economy. It is believed that globalization provides consumers with variety of choices with affordable price. So, is the globalization reducing or increasing poverty? This study will attempt to briefly answer this question. Though both the United Nations and India have celebrated fifty years, they have been criticized for failing to translate the stated mandate for the disadvantaged millions. Half a century after Independence, as of now, we have the largest population of poor people in the world, one third of our rural population is below the poverty line and despite the UN agencies massive aid projects, the development assistance of the World Bank, bilateral aid, the Center and State governments intervention, the gap between the rich and the poor has doubled in the last three decades fifteen years ago the lowest 20 per cent of global population received 2.5 per cent of global wealth whereas at present, the share has been reduced to less than 1.3 per cent. For example, the 1999 UNDP Human Development Report records that the gap between the rich and the poor among nations as well as within nations has widened. Even the World Bank in its Report for 1999 concedes that raising the GNP is not enough to impr ove human development, other social measures are needed. The trickle-down theory of economic development cannot bring out the desired results. It has also pointed out that India is a country of stark contrasts and disparities. Among the widening contradictions some seem to be glaring. Undoubtedly food grain production has increased fourfold but 653 per cent of children under four remain undernourished; literacy has doubled, yet half the population is illiterate, life expectancy has improved but only 927 females survive for every 1000 males. As we have entered into the twenty-first century, it is imperative on our part to look at the scenario with bare facts and figures. The problem statement Does Globalization increase or reduce poverty. Objective and scope Poverty in India is widespread with the nation estimated to have a third of the worlds poor. According to a 2005 World Bank estimate, 42% of Indias falls below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14.3 in rural areas); having reduced from 60% in 1980. According to the criterion used by the Planning Commission of India 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty line in 2004-2005, down from 51.3% in 1977-1978, and 36% in 1993-1994 Among the causes ascribed for the high level poverty in India are its history under British rule, large population, and low literacy. Also important is Indias social structure, including the caste system in India, and the role of women in Indian society. Economic growth has in the past been dampened by a dependence upon agriculture, and the economic policies adopted after its independence. Since the 1950s, the Indian government and non-governmental organizations have initiated several programs to alleviate poverty, including subsidizing food and other necessities, increased access to loans, improving agricultural techniques and price supports, and promoting education and family planning. These measures have helped eliminate famines, cut absolute poverty levels by more than half, and reduced illiteracy and malnutrition. (I) Defining globalization and poverty (II) Does Globalization reduce poverty, (III) Does Globalization increase poverty, (IV) What are the other reasons contributing to poverty, (V) What role The World Bank, IMF and WTO play in developing countries, (VI) Who benefit the most from globalization. Defining Globalization and Poverty Globalization has been defined in various dimensions. Among many established definitions, these are some of them. Globalization as internationalization in which is viewed as simply another adjective to describe cross-border relations between countries; Globalization as liberalization which refers to a process of removing government-imposed restrictions on movements between countries in order to create an open, borderless world economy. Defining poverty is controversial. Definition of poverty in developed countries may not be applicable to the one in developing countries. However, United Nations and World Bank define poverty line as living on less than a $1 and $2 a day for low income countries. Sociologists define poverty a lack of essential items such as food, clothing, water, and shelter needed for proper living . Since Globalization and Poverty is a huge and very broad topic, this short paper is to attempt looking at one of the heated debate questions on whether globalization reduces or increase poverty. Numerous studies on this issue have been carried out. However, the findings are conflicting. (II) Globalization Reduces Poverty Neoliberal economists widely believe that globalized trade benefits not only the affluent but also the poor through trade integration. Neoliberal economic theorymore open economies are more prosperous, economies that liberalize more experience a faster rate of progress Wade (2004, p-567). The belief is that as countries open up their economy such as by slashing down the trade barriers for instance tariff, custom duty and quotas, price of imported goods will be affordable for the poor; foreign direct investments come in and create jobs in local economy. Consequently, this increases export growth and GDP. Millions of poor peoples living standard improves because of jobs created. China, India and Vietnam are often cited as good examples for success of globalized economy. (III) Globalization Increases Poverty On the contrary, many economists are unconvinced by the neoliberal economists view that globalization reduces poverty. Pilger (2001) in his TV report on Indonesia presents that despite investments from multinational corporations (eg. Nike, Levis, Reebok Classic, Calvin Klein Jeans, Adidas, Gap Inc.), poverty remains unchanged in Indonesia. On average, Indonesian workers are paid only slightly over Rupiah 9,000 (US$1) per day which is just over half of a living wage. Harrison (2006) finds similar situation in Mexico. Mexico is a member of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed in 1993 with Canada, Mexico and USA. If trade integration is to reduce poverty and benefit the poor as neoliberal economists suggest, poverty in Mexico should be declined. But, Harrison (2006, p-7) concludes that poverty rates in Mexico in the year 2000 were higher than they had been ten years earlier. This reinforces that neoliberal economists view on decline of poverty is unconvinced. (IV) Other reasons contribute to poverty Wade (2004, p-571) states that more than 1.2 billion people are still living on less than US$1 a day. The followings are some of the most recognized reasons contribute to poverty: lack of natural resources, natural disaster long period of draught, corruption and sanctions imposed against specific country. For example, according to United Nations, Cape Verde is one of the most stable democratic countries in Africa and the government is relatively mild in corruption. It ranks 49 out of 179 in Transparency Internationals 2008 Corruption Perceptions Index . But due to cycles of long-term drought, lack of natural resources, shortage of water supply and lack of foreign investments, the state is still among the poorest nations on earth despite its good governance. Countries with rich endowment of nature resources also remain in poverty due to wide spread corruption, bad governance, political instability and economic sanctions imposed by powerful countries. For example, my country, Myanmar (Burma) is still among the worlds poorest countries despite rich endowment of natural resources from oil to various gem stones. It is due to political instability, severe corruption, lack of reliable judiciary system, basic infrastructures and economic sanction imposed by The US. Consequently, unemployment rate is remarkably high and chance of economic success for big majority of population is slim unless economic and political reform take place. (V) Role of World Bank, IMF and WTO on development in poor countries The World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization are widely known as driving forces of trade liberalization. Pilger (2001) interviews several former executive officials of The World Bank and IMF in his TV report on Indonesia. Those officials explain that the roles The World Bank and IMF have played in Indonesias economy and various criteria a country to comply with order to get loan from them. World Bank and IMF are supposedly to help poor countries. In reality, powerful countries use the two institutions as tools to suck up resources from developing countries via multinational corporations, according to the TV report. To get loans from the institutions, a country has to reform its economy which mainly means to open up markets and allow multinational corporations to access to countrys resources and privatize industries. Thus, complying with the criteria implies serving the best interests of multinational corporations. In addition to opening up markets for multinational corporations, the loans also come with so called technical experts or consultants. So, significant sum of the loans go back to developed countries as salaries of those experts. To get loan from the institutions, a country also has to have a good relationship with the US because it controls 16.77% of total votes in IMF and 16.39% of The World Banks total vote. For instance, N-Korea and Cuba cannot get loans from the institutions because of sour relationship with The US. World Trade Organization (WTO) is another driver of trade liberalization. It forces member countries to open up their markets and eliminate trade barriers. New members are also required to fulfill these criteria. Members are required to comply with intellectual property laws which were mainly written by the big corporations. WTO is widely criticized for being ineffective to protect the interests of developing nations. When trade disputes occur, chance of getting success in legal battle for poor country is very slim even if it has a good ground because the mechanism is so expensive and complicated. Besides, it cannot force developed countries to stop subsidizing agricultural industry because farmers from poor countries are unable to compete with those heavily subsidized farmers in developed countries. Thus, poor countries always have less advantage in global trading system. (VI) Who benefits the most from globalization? There is no doubt that globalized trades/economy benefits all the parties concerned. However, various studies show that advanced countries are benefiting from the trades more than poor countries. Yotpoulos and Romano (2007, P-21) state that free markets and free trade work best if there are supported by extensive institutional structure such as business infrastructures, reliable legal system and political stability. Thus, globalization is more likely to favour the countries which are wealthy and institution rich, at the expense of those that are poor. On the other hand, developing countries with strong infrastructure base, political stability, dependable legal system and abundant labor forces also benefit from globalization. China, India and Vietnam are often cited as ideal examples. Furthermore, United Nation (2007, P-23) asserts that countries with bargaining strength are more likely to benefit more from bilateral trade agreements and impose more onerous terms on the weaker parties. We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the worlds people share the benefits of globalization. Kofi Annan . (VII) Conclusion In short, it is hard to find convincing data to support either globalization reduces or increases poverty. However, it is clear that globalization is more beneficial to developed countries than to developing countries mainly because of wide spread corruption, bad governance, lack of necessary business infrastructures. Unless world leaders share Kofi Annans concern We must ensure that the global market is embedded in broadly shared values and practices that reflect global social needs, and that all the worlds people share the benefits of globalization., the following remarks are unfortunately likely to continue to be true. George Monbiot (Environmentalist) summarizes, Globalization is used to suggest a coming together of people of all races, all countries. It will relieve poverty and distribute wealth. What is actually happening is precisely the opposite. The Poor become markedly poorer and wealthy become staggeringly wealthier. United States Space Command (1997, p-6) remarks The globalization of the world economy will also continue, with a widening between haves and have-nots. References: Ann Harrison, GLOBALIZATION AND POVERTY NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, Working Paper 12347, Cambridge, 2006. www.nber.org/papers/w12347 John Pilger, Globalization: New Rulers of the World, Carlton Production, 2001. (TV report) Pan A. Yotpoulos and Donato Romano (editors), The Asymmetries of Globalization, Routledge, USA Canada, 2007. ROBERT HUNTER WADE, Is Globalization Reducing Poverty and Inequality? London School of Economics and Political Science, World Development Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 567-589, UK, 2004. United Nations, The Employment Imperative: Report on the World Social Situation 2007 New York, 2007. Significance of the study India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major crisis that led by a FOREX crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs and partly by the demand of the multilateral organisations. The new policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of a more open and market oriented economy. Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction in tariff rates and change over to market determined exchange rates. Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for foreign direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and other major sectors. The Indian tariff rates reduced sharply over the decade from a weighted average of 72.5% in 1991-92 to 24.6 in 1996-97.Though tariff rates went up slowly in the late nineties it touched 35.1% in 2001-02. India is committed to reduced tariff rates. Peak tariff rates are to be reduced to the minimum with a peak rate of 20%, in another 2 years most non-tariff barriers have been dismantled by March 2002, including almost all quantitative restrictions. Globalization has increased poverty, although there is a school of thought that it has reduced poverty. India is Global: The liberalisation of the domestic economy and the increasing integration of India with the global economy have helped step up GDP growth rates, which picked up from 5.6% in 1990-91 to a peak level of 77.8% in 1996-97. Growth rates have slowed down since the country has still bee able to achieve 5-6% growth rate in three of the last six years. Though growth rates has slumped to the lowest level 4.3% in 2002-03 mainly because of the worst droughts in two decades the growth rates are expected to go up close to 70% in 2003-04. A Global comparison shows that India is now the fastest growing just after China. This is major improvement given that India is growth rate in the 1970s was very low at 3% and GDP growth in countries like Brazil, Indonesia, Korea, and Mexico was more than twice that of India. Though Indias average annual growth rate almost doubled in the eighties to 5.9% it was still lower than the growth rate in China, Korea and Indonesia. The pick up in GDP growth has helped improve Indias global position. Consequently Indias position in the global economy has improved from the 8th position in 1991 to 4th place in 2001. When GDP is calculated on a purchasing power parity basis. Globalisation and Poverty: Globalisation in the form of increased integration though trade and investment is an important reason why much progress has been made in reducing poverty and global inequality over recent decades. But it is not the only reason for this often unrecognised progress, good national polices , sound institutions and domestic political stability also matter. Despite this progress, poverty remains one of the most serious international challenges we face up to 1.2 billion of the developing world 4.8 billion people still live in extreme poverty. But the proportion of the world population living in poverty has been steadily declining and since 1980 the absolute number of poor people has stopped rising and appears to have fallen in recent years despite strong population growth in poor countries. If the proportion living in poverty had not fallen since 1987 alone a further 215million people would be living in extreme poverty today. India has to concentrate on five important areas or things to follow to achieve this goal. The areas like technological entrepreneurship, new business openings for small and medium enterprises, importance of quality management, new prospects in rural areas and privatisation of financial institutions. The manufacturing of technology and management of technology are two different significant areas in the country. There will be new prospects in rural India. The growth of Indian economy very much depends upon rural participation in the global race. After implementing the new economic policy the role of villages got its own significance because of its unique outlook and branding methods. For example food processing and packaging are the one of the area where new entrepreneurs can enter into a big way. It may be organised in a collective way with the help of co-operatives to meet the global demand. Understanding the current status of globalisation is necessary for setting course for future. For all nations to reap the full benefits of globalisation it is essential to create a level playing field. President Bushs recent proposal to eliminate all tariffs on all manufactured goods by 2015 will do it. In fact it may exacerbate the prevalent inequalities. According to this proposal, tariffs of 5% or less on all manufactured goods will be eliminated by 2005 and higher than 5% will be lowered to 8%. Starting 2010 the 8% tariffs will be lowered each year until they are eliminated by 2015. GDP Growth rate: The Indian economy is passing through a difficult phase caused by several unfavourable domestic and external developments; Domestic output and Demand conditions were adversely affected by poor performance in agriculture in the past two years. The global economy experienced an overall deceleration and recorded an output growth of 2.4% during the past year growth in real GDP in 2001-02 was 5.4% as per the Economic Survey in 2000-01. The performance in the first quarter of the financial year is5.8% and second quarter is 6.1%. Export and Import: Indias Export and Import in the year 2001-02 was to the extent of 32,572 and 38,362 million respectively. Many Indian companies have started becoming respectable players in the International scene. Agriculture exports account for about 13 to 18% of total annual of annual export of the country. In 2000-01 Agricultural products valued at more than US $ 6million were exported from the country 23% of which was contributed by the marine products alone. Marine products in recent years have emerged as the single largest contributor to the total agricultural export from the country accounting for over one fifth of the total agricultural exports. Cereals (mostly basmati rice and non-basmati rice), oil seeds, tea and coffee are the other prominent products each of which accounts fro nearly 5 to 10% of the countries total agricultural exports. Where does Indian stand in terms of Global Integration? India clearly lags in globalisation. Number of countries have a clear lead among them China, large part of east and far east Asia and eastern Europe. Lets look at a few indicators how much we lag. Over the past decade FDI flows into India have averaged around 0.5% of GDP against 5% for China 5.5% for Brazil. Whereas FDI inflows into China now exceeds US $ 50 billion annually. It is only US $ 4billion in the case of India Consider global trade Indias share of world merchandise exports increased from .05% to .07% over the pat 20 years. Over the same period Chinas share has tripled to almost 4%. Indias share of global trade is similar to that of the Philippines an economy 6 times smaller according to IMF estimates. India under trades by 70-80% given its size, proximity to markets and labour cost advantages. It is interesting to note the remark made last year by Mr. Bimal Jalan, Governor of RBI. Despite all the talk, we are now where ever close being globalised in terms of any commonly used indicator of globalisation. In fact we are one of the least globalised among the major countries however we look at it. As Amartya Sen and many other have pointed out that India, as a geographical, politico-cultural entity has been interacting with the outside world throughout history and still continues to do so. It has to adapt, assimilate and contribute. This goes without saying even as we move into what is called a globalised world which is distinguished from previous eras from by faster travel and communication, greater trade linkages, denting of political and economic sovereignty and greater acceptance of democracy as a way of life. Consequences: The implications of globalisation for a national economy are many. Globalisation has intensified interdependence and competition between economies in the world market. This is reflected in Interdependence in regard to trading in goods and services and in movement of capital. As a result domestic economic developments are not determined entirely by domestic policies and market conditions. Rather, they are influenced by both domestic and international policies and economic conditions. It is thus clear that a globalising economy, while formulating and evaluating its domestic policy cannot afford to ignore the possible actions and reactions of policies and developments in the rest of the world. This constrained the policy option available to the government which implies loss of policy autonomy to some extent, in decision-making at the national level. ~